Software, Hardware, Networking, Cloud & IoT Fundamentals

Software

Software: It's a set of instructions, data, or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks. It is a generic term used to refer to applications, software, and programs that run on a device. E.g. Excel, Linux, macOS.

Hardware

Hardware: It's the physical parts of a computer and related devices. They can be internal, such as: motherboard, RAM, CPU; or external, such as monitors, printers, and keyboards.

Client/Server Computing

Client/Server Computing: This is a distributed computing model where some processing power is located within small, cost-effective client PCs.

Packet Switching

Packet Switching: Packet switching is a method of breaking down digital messages into smaller packets. These packets are sent across various communication paths as they become available and are reassembled at the destination.

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP): IP is responsible for delivering the packets and includes the addressing and routing information. TCP establishes a connection between computers, sequences the transfer of packets, and acknowledges the sent packets.

Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing: Cloud computing is a model that facilitates access to shared pools of configurable resources, such as computer networks, servers, storage, applications, and services. These resources can be rapidly provisioned with minimal management effort, typically managed by a provider.

Internet of Things (IoT)

Internet of Things (IoT): The Internet of Things is a network that encompasses all the mechanisms, commonly known as "things," participating in various aspects of our daily lives. These "things" are connected to the Internet, becoming a part of its environment.

Advantages:

• Generating vast volumes of data, which provide a better understanding of our environment.
• Automation of daily tasks to simplify our routines.

Examples:

• Smart Cities: Implementing technologies like smart lighting and waste management systems.
• Smart Factories: Utilizing robots within factory settings to enhance efficiency.
• Connected Health Monitoring: Monitoring vital health signs through connected devices.

Database

Database: A structured collection of data stored and electronically accessed from a computer system.

Traditional Storage System

Traditional storage system: A computer-based system where information is stored in separate computer files.

Advantages:

• Flexibility
• Shared data
• No redundancy
• Secure data