Software Fundamentals: Classification and Acquisition Methods

Software: Definition and Functions

Software is the intangible component of any computer system. It consists of a collection of rules and guidelines that establish the relationship between the user and the machine.

Functions of Software

1. To reduce manual entry of information.
2. Provide communication media between man and machine.
3. Encourage greater use of media and reduce the processing time of files.
4. Provide routines that automatically perform repetitive, classified work.

Software Classification

System Software

A series of programs that facilitate man-machine communication, permitting its proper exploitation.

Application Software

Programs developed to solve specific problems. These can be classified into:

Basic or Utility Programs

These are applications whose purpose is to improve the performance of the computer.

Accessory Programs

Facilitate interaction between the user and programming languages, communications, antivirus, testers, and vaccines.

Productivity Programs

Applications whose purpose is to facilitate, streamline, and improve the execution of certain tasks for the user.

Software Acquisition Modalities

Modality 1: Fully Developed and Used As Is

Software acquired fully developed and used exactly as it was written.

• Advantages: Acquisition is faster, and the cost is low.
• Disadvantages: The user must adapt to the characteristics of the program, and the program may not meet specific user needs.

Forms of Acquisition (Modality 1)

• Software License: A permission granted to an individual or group for the use of a piece of software.
• Shareware: Programs subject to copyright, originally distributed free of charge, but whose continued use requires payment of a fee to the author.
• Freeware: Programs protected by copyright but released by the author for free use.
• Public Domain Software: Any program that is not subject to copyright. It is free and can be used without restrictions.

Modality 2: Fully Developed and Modified

Software that is acquired fully developed and modified to suit specific user needs.

• Advantages: With some modifications, the user gets the specific results required.
• Disadvantages: This is not always a valid option in the market.

Forms of Acquisition (Modality 2)

License or Sale of the Software: The conditions of acquisition of such software include the ability to apply the necessary changes to the original program.

Modality 3: Fully Developed, Modified (Open Source Context)

Software that is acquired fully developed and modified to suit specific user needs.

Forms of Acquisition (Modality 3)

Open Source: Software distributed by this license must attach the source code.

Modality 4: Developed Entirely Under User Specifications

Software that is developed entirely under the user's specifications.

• Advantages: The program does exactly what the user needs.
• Disadvantages: High cost and takes longer to obtain the program.

Forms of Acquisition (Modality 4)

Self-programming.