Software Architecture: Key Concepts and Best Practices

Why the 4 + 1 Architecture?

The 4 + 1 architecture model provides different views (logical, process, development, and physical) plus scenarios. This allows for a comprehensive understanding of the system to be built. The 4 + 1 model is also generic.

How Does It Help with Design?

It aids in system design by helping to understand the system's behavior through detailed component design and specifications. This ensures that the functional requirements are met.

Choosing a Construction Methodology

The construction methodology depends on the problem or system being addressed. Therefore, the criterion is paramount when choosing a methodology. Options include:

• Rational Unified Process
• CMMI
• Scrum

Importance of Documentation Standards

Documentation standards facilitate understanding and system performance. While not required, they are considered good practice.

Early Project Estimation

Early project estimation is crucial for clients to understand the investment and timeline. While no project can be estimated with complete certainty due to changing factors, an early estimate provides valuable insights.

Software Project Traceability

Traceability is essential in a project because it allows for complete system tracking, improved understanding, easy correction of mistakes, verification of included functionality, and impact analysis. This ensures a quality product with easy maintenance and future functionality additions.

Project Manager vs. Architect

The software architect creates the architecture views for an application, designs the architecture, and guides the design. The project manager manages and controls the project.

Architect-Designer Competencies

Key competencies or skills of an architect-designer include:

• Understanding the business domain and anticipating requirements changes.
• Knowing the main stakeholders and maintaining good communication.
• Identifying appropriate architectural styles and technologies to propose solutions.

Architecture vs. Design

Architecture is a high-level specification model, defining necessary system components. Design is a low-level specification related to coding.

The Software Crisis

The software crisis refers to software failing to meet client requirements, exceeding budgets, and missing deadlines. This is often due to inadequate analysis, design, and project tracing, leading to expensive maintenance.