Socioeconomic and Governmental Terminology Explained

Geological, Urban, and Topographical Factors

Físico-climático, geológico, urbano, topográfico.

Forms of Government

Dictatorship

Dictatorship is a form of government where political authority is often monopolized by a single person or a political party, and exercised through various oppressive mechanisms.

Democracy

Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens participate equally.

Republic

A republic is a form of government in which power resides in the people and the government is ruled by elected leaders run according to law.

Monarchy

A monarchy is a form of government in which sovereignty is actually or nominally embodied in a single individual.

Head of State

The head of state is a high-ranked constitutional position in a sovereign state. The head of state is vested with powers to act as the chief public representative of that state.

Economic Indicators and Sectors

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

The monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period, though GDP is usually calculated on an annual basis.

GDP Per Capita

A measure of the total output of a country that takes the gross domestic product (GDP) and divides it by the number of people in the country. The per capita GDP is especially useful when comparing one country to another because it shows the relative performance of the countries.

Economic Sectors

Primary Sector

Sector 1: Is the sector of an economy making direct use of natural resources. This includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and extraction of oil and gas.

Secondary Sector

The portion of an economy that includes light and heavy industrial manufacturers of finished goods and products from raw materials. Businesses that make up the secondary sector of industry often require substantial machinery to operate, and they create waste that can contribute to environmental pollution.

Tertiary Sector

The segment of the economy that provides services to its consumers. This includes a wide range of businesses including financial institutions, schools, transports, and restaurants.

Livestock Farming

Livestock farming: Are domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food, fiber, and labor.

Globalization

Globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture.

Demographic Indicators

• PD (Population Density): Nº of inhabitants/surface area of the place.
• CBR (Crude Birth Rate): Nº of inhabitants/number of inhabitants. (Note: This definition seems incorrect for CBR; typically it's births per 1,000 people.)
• TFR (Total Fertility Rate): Nº of births/Nº of women age 15-49.
• CDR (Crude Death Rate): Nº of deaths/number of inhabitants.
• Infant D.R (Infant Death Rate): Nº of deaths of infants under one year/number of live births in that year.

Migration

Migration: Are the movements of people for reasons other than leisure which involve a change in the place of residence.

• E.MGS (Emigration): Refers to the people leaving one place for another.
• IMGRTN (Immigration): Refers to the people arriving from another territory.