Socialization and Social Change: Understanding the Process and Its Impact

_{CONFLICT AND SOCIAL CHANGE}

_{SOCIALIZATION:}A process through which the individuals of a society or culture learn and internalize a combination of rules, values, and ways of perceiving reality. It gives individuals the capacities to develop themselves in the social interaction with other individuals.

SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM

steps:

• Externalization: the social order is a human product for two reasons:

- genesis: the past was constructed by people.

- existence: the current order can only exist if people exist who sustain it.

• Objectivation: process that turns products of human activity in something external of such activity. This process involves:

- Institutionalization: repetition of an action that becomes typical and, through generations, appears as being objective.

- Legitimation: knowledge and norms that explain and justify institutions.

• Internalization: our subjective assumption about something that comes from outside and it is perceived as objective, even though it might be a subjective construction of other people.

• Primary and secondary socialization

• • PRIMARY SOCIALIZATION

  - Childhood and adolescence

  - Internalization of the adult world

  • SECONDARY SOCIALIZATION

  - Lifelong

  - Choosing between different socially available options, which can be changed eventually

• "Society is not limited to control our movements, but it shapes our identity, our thoughts and our feelings. The structures of society become structures of our own conscience. Society does not stop before our epidermis, but gets inside it while it involves us." (Berger)

• Socialization processes

  The form in which people conduct their lives is linked with the kind of life of the collectives that they belong (Habermas)

• CONTINUOUS PROCESS OF SOCIALIZATION

  In a pure relationship, the individual does not simply “recognise the other” and in the responses of that other find his self-identity affirmed. Rather, as follows, from the preceding points, self-identity is negotiated through linked processes of and the development of intimacy with the other (Giddens)

• Symbolic Interactionism

  MEADDIALOGIC SELF:(I) + (Me)

• COERCIVE DOMINANT DISCOURSE in society

  When a men who have violent and aggressive attitudes and behaviors are presented as most sexually attractive (Gómez). He demonstrates there is a socialization of attractiveness into a hegemonic* masculine model that includes domination and which is linked to the double standard.

• - Social interactions influence in attractiveness model and in social imaginary of love

  - Choice and Intersubjectivity

  - Our preferences are being transformed through the deliberative process

• Preventive socialization on violence against women focuses on social interactions (media, peers, family, school...) that promote the overcoming of attractiveness models linked to violence. The values in which we are socialized strongly mark our preferences, likes, attraction, election and desire about love.

  Preventive socialization of gender violence

  - Love and desire are social

  - There is a socialization that links violence to sexual attraction anddesire and also links caring to boredom.

  Good news: If this is social it can be changed.

  Who do we like and why is not biological, but a matter of social construction.

  It is possible to transform the attractiveness model and the relationships through the social interactions.

  Research suggests:

  − Dialogue to identify and visualize the link between attractiveness and violence.

  − Working on the attractiveness of respect, dialogue and equality, providing examples of the link between these values and passion and sex appeal

• The challenge – Connect the language of desire to that of ethics

  Language of Ethics

  • WE MUST BE GOOD, WE MUST BE EGALITARIAN, WE HAVE TO CHOOSE WELL

  Language of Desire

  • WE LIKE TO, WE DARE TO, WE ARE COOL WITH

• What is the Mirage of Upward Mobility?

• The Mirage of the Upward Mobility is the erroneous perception that people have when they connect the fact of establishing an

  affective and sexual relationship to an increase of her social status and her attractiveness, when in reality what happens is that theirstatus and attractiveness decreases (Flecha & Puigvert)

• TRADITIONAL MODELS OF MASCULINITY

  • Dominant Traditional Masculinity (DTM)

  • Oppressed Traditional Masculinity (OTM)

  NEW ALTERNATIVES MASCULINITIES

  Analysis of the attractiveness perception which is associated to theviolent model of Traditional Masculinity

• ALTERNATIVE MODEL OF SEXUAL-AFFECTIVE RELATIONSHIPS

  NEW ALTERNATIVES MASCULINITIES **

  LOVING PASSION

  - Self-confident

  - Strong and brave to combat and ridicule

  sexist and racist attitudes

  - Combine ethics and desire: they are good and attractive

• Promoting Social Change from Preventive Socialization

  Romantic Relationships

  The romantic relationships (based on feelings) create the opportunities for adolescents to build relationships which inspire security, emotions and attitudes far away from violence. (McCarthy & Casey)