Scientific Training: Adaptation, Overcompensation, and Fatigue

Scientific training is a physical system that involves the use of planned efforts and counterforce, destined to generate adaptations to resolve movement problems, collaborating with maintaining the best possible quality of life.

Organic Adaptation Mechanisms

1. Adaptation: It is the progressive morphological and functional changes occurring in our agency as a result of training to meet the demands of physical performance. The nature of the adaptation depends on the characteristics of the load, which leads us to distinguish between general training and specific training.
2. Overcompensation: The responses of the human body to physical exertion generate an adaptation of all systems, so that after the recovery effort, the body prepares to overcome a higher level of demand, increasing its reserves.
3. Effects of training:
   • Long-term adaptation: The interaction is produced for long periods of time, effort, and recovery, so that the effect of supercompensation makes progress greater in quantity and quality.
   • Adaptation to short-term (immediate): Occurs in a short space of time, depending on the level achieved with long-term adaptations. Injuries can occur if the organism is not well prepared.

General Adaptation Syndrome

To raise a coaching staff, know the different processes taking place in our body. The set of adjustment mechanisms that made the body is called "general adaptation syndrome." It contains these steps:

a) Alarm Phase: The natural and immediate reaction to any stimuli that alters the organism's equilibrium. Within this phase, we distinguish two phases:

1. Moment of shock as the process of adapting the body, designed to cope with the stimulus.
2. Anti-shock: Which is the process of adapting the organization for addressing the stimulus.

b) Level of Resistance: Positive reaction by which the body puts in place specific defensive systems to deal with and overcome stimulus that poses biological requirements.

c) Stage of Exhaustion: This is the stage where the body, after exhausting its reserves, could no longer maintain the process of confrontation and overcoming of the stimulus.

Fatigue

A phenomenon that occurs when the body has exceeded its own ability to overcome a muscular or mental effort.

The symptoms of fatigue are:

1. Decreased muscle strength and tone. The movements become painful and the risk of contractures increases.
2. Abdominal pains, which continue the effort, end up producing vomiting.
3. Shortness of breath.
4. Moves slower, with a feeling of awkwardness and inefficiency.
5. Difficulty in coordinating movement.
6. Inability to continue to make physical exercise even if you want to continue.

Overtraining

Appears to perform physical efforts that are beyond personal capabilities. In contrast to fatigue, which does not cause bodily systems, and we recover after a few days of rest, overtraining disrupts these systems so that there is no improvement with rest.

The causes can be:

1. Incorrect application of the exercises, accompanied by excessive intensity and duration.
2. Insufficient and badly planned food with excess fat.
3. Problems with vitamins, especially with vitamin B1.

The symptoms are:

1. Alteration of weight, i.e., unjustified thinness.
2. Changes in character with frequent mood swings.
3. Permanent feeling of tiredness.
4. Heart Failure Problems (tachycardia and bradycardia).
5. Excessive sweating when making any effort (dehydration).
6. Gastrointestinal problems.

Given the occurrence of any of these symptoms, any exercise should be abandoned.

Training Crisis

This is the opposite of overtraining. Athletes experience some stagnation, during which they fail to reach the minimum levels of effort.

Causes of this crisis are:

1. Apathy at work training, both in intensity and volume.
2. Use of bad training techniques, which result in poor performance of the athlete.
3. Psychological or emotional problems.