Science and Technology in Administration

The Science of Administration

Administration is a factual science focused on organizations. It involves specific techniques and methods to achieve operational efficiency.

It encompasses principles, standards, and procedures for effective organizational management. Beyond explaining organizational behavior, administration provides rules, norms, and procedures to operate and transform organizations.

The Need for Administration

Administration is a natural and essential aspect of all human organizations. Historically, organizations have required control over activities like accounting, finance, and marketing. Effective decision-making is crucial for achieving goals efficiently. Therefore, organizations develop strategies and methods to facilitate these processes.

Key Characteristics of Administration

Several inherent characteristics distinguish administration from other disciplines:

Universality

Administration is applicable to any social group, whether industrial, military, healthcare, educational, etc.

Instrumental Value

Administration is a means to an end, not an end in itself. It focuses on achieving practical results.

Unity

While the administrative process can be divided into phases and stages for learning, these parts occur simultaneously and are interconnected.

Broad Scope

Administration applies to all levels and subsystems within a formal organization.

Specificity

Although administration draws from other sciences and techniques, it possesses unique characteristics that define its specific nature.

Interdisciplinarity

Administration interacts with various sciences and techniques related to work efficiency.

Flexibility

Management principles are adaptable to the specific needs of each social group. Rigidity in administration is ineffective.