How Rocks and Earth's Spheres Form and Composition

How Are Rocks Formed

They're made of minerals.

Three Main Types of Rocks

• Sedimentary
• Igneous or magmatic
• Metamorphic

Foam Silica

It forms a crust that insulates the atmosphere from the heat of magma. Therefore the atmosphere formed; condensed oxygen mixed with hydrogen gave rise to the ocean water.

Hydrosphere

It is a liquid sheath 3 km thick, and strong pressures produced by the stratification of rocks of crystalline structure form slowly. Primitive crustal rocks are known as crystalline schists. Gases released from the Earth's interior helped to solidify the molten silicates.

Atmosphere

Gases released from the Earth's interior helped to solidify the molten silicates.

Lithosphere

It consists mostly of silica and aluminum. It is the outermost layer of Earth's crust; its thickness is about 70 km and is growing. Its scientific name is SIAL.

Barysphere

It is the core of our planet with an approximate radius of 3300 km. It consists of nickel and iron. Its scientific name is NIFE.

Pyrosphere

A pasty mass rich in silicon and magnesium. Its scientific name is SIMA. It has a depth of 3000 km.

Conformation of Earth's Crust

• 53% oxygen
• 26% silicon
• 7.5% aluminum
• 4.2% iron
• 3.3% calcium
• 6% potassium, magnesium, sodium, hydrogen, carbon, etc.

Land

So important mineral associations, which together form the earthly body, are composed of a meeting of various rocks.

Rocks

They are conglomerates of minerals. Minerals are the components of the rocks. Together they constitute almost all of Earth's crust.

Mineral

These are constituents of the rocks. Inorganic substances are found on the surface or inside of the crust.

Mineralogy

It is the science of minerals.

Sedimentary

It is produced by erosion of sediment from the primitive rocks by rains, hail, snow, wind, frost, thaw, waves, tides and transported to the bottom of the folds of the crust, a process that requires millions of years to occur.

Igneous

It's the same magma.

Metamorphic

It comes from the transformation (metamorphosis) of igneous or sedimentary rocks. Under the impact of immense pressure and the temperature generated by igneous activity, sedimentary rock undergoes a 'cooking' process that takes millions of years.

ORN

• When containing 65% or greater silica
• Silicates
• Quartz
• Kaolin (aluminum silicate)

BASIC

• When there are less than 25% silica
• Hydrated
• Clay
• Bauxite

PRIMARY

First: Cambrian - Silurian - Carboniferous - Permian

Marl - shale - limestone - coals

SECONDARY

Triassic - Jurassic - Cretaceous

Shelly chalk - marl - limestone

TERTIARY

Paleogene (Eocene - Oligocene)

Neogene (Miocene - Pliocene)

Yellow sand - loams - lutes

QUATERNARY

Pleistocene, Holocene