Rise of Nazi Regime and USSR Economic Policies

Rise of Nazi Regime

The consolidation of Nazis in power began with the Reichstag fire on February 27, 1933. They accused communists and persecuted them, making all other political parties illegal. Hitler eliminated potential rivals in the Night of Long Knives in June 1934, assassinating SA members. After Hindenburg's death, Hitler became president and held all top positions, starting his dictatorship. He introduced anti-Semitic policies, banning Jews from professions in 1933, marriages in 1935, and leading to the Night of Broken Glass in 1938.

Nazi Economy

The Nazis established the 'Beauty of Work' propaganda initiative, abolished trade unions, and banned strikes. They attempted autarchy but focused on public works, military rearmament, and heavy industry growth, achieving full employment by 1939.

The USSR: New Economic Policy

After suffering losses in the Russian Civil War, the USSR implemented a New Economic Policy. Farmers could freely grow and sell products, domestic trade was authorized, and small industries could hold private property. The state controlled transport, foreign trade, banking, and large companies, leading to economic growth and tension within the Communist Party.

The USSR: A New State

The USSR was established in 1922 as a multi-national state. The first constitution in 1924 created a new political system with autonomous republics. The Supreme Soviet was the highest legislative body, with the Presidium and Council of People's Commissars. The political organization was led by the CPSU, divided into committees like the Politburo. By 1924, the USSR normalized foreign relations and gained recognition from numerous countries.