Rhetorical Devices

Classified in Language

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Phonic Resources

Alliteration

Repetition of phonemes or syllables in several words.

Paronomasias

Slight phonetic changes involved.

Diafora

Disparate meanings: repetition of a word with different meanings.

Morphosyntactic Resources

Anaphora

Repetition of one or more words at the beginning of successive verses or statements.

Epiphora

Repetition of a word at the end of several verses.

Anadiplosis

Repeating the last element of a group of words at the beginning of the next group.

Epanadiplosis

Repetition of a word at the beginning and end of a verse or sentence.

Polysyndeton

Repetition of conjunctions which does not require syntax.

Poliptoton

Repeating the same word with different grammatical accidents.

Enumeration

Sequence of words with the same syntactic function.

Parallelism

Identical provision in two or more syntactic units or metric.

Hyperbaton

Alteration of the normal order of prayer. Example: The room in the dark corner, its owner may have forgotten, silent and covered with dust, was visible on the harp.

Chiasmus

Crossover or symmetrical arrangement of the elements of two sets of words.

Asyndeton

Suppression of links between two noncoordinating or more members who should carry them.

Ellipsis

Deletion of any element without altering the understanding.

Semantic Resources

Hyperbole

Exaggeration unlikely. Example: Both groups pain in my side hurt so much that it hurts to breathe.

Pleonasm

Use of superfluous or redundant words.

Antithesis

Opposition of meanings of two words in one sentence.

Oxymoron

Juxtaposition of two terms in the same phrase.

Paradox

Union of two apparently contradictory terms.

Litotes

Denial of what we want to say.

Irony

Statement of an idea through the expression of the opposite.

Personification

Attributing human qualities to animals or inanimate qualities of living beings.

Apostrophe

Appeal to a being, animate or inanimate, present or absent.

Metaphor

Identification of two objects, real and image, in the same sentence.

Allegory

A succession of metaphors.

Comparison

Value, via a link, of a real object and an object image.

Periphrasis

Expression that detours and shuns the direct term.

Metonymy

Description of an object with the name of another with which it correlates.

Synesthesia

Crossing two sensory images coming from different directions.

Verb Tenses

Simple Tenses (Indicative)

Present

Preterite Imperfect

Preterite Perfect

Imperfect Future

Conditional

Subjunctive

Present

Preterite Imperfect

Imperfect Future

Non-Personal Forms

Compound Tenses (Indicative)

Preterite Perfect

Preterite Pluperfect

Preterite Anterior

Future Perfect

Conditional Compound

Subjunctive

Preterite Perfect

Pluperfect

Future Perfect

Non-Personal Forms

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