Renaissance Masterpieces: Art & Architecture Highlights

St. Peter's Basilica Dome, Vatican City

Taking the dome model of Florence Cathedral by Brunelleschi, reinforcing the structural elements, it rises 131 meters in height and 42 meters in diameter. The dome rests high on pendentives and a large drum, supported by 4 sturdy, chamfered central pillars. The dome, which defines the space, was completed by Giacomo della Porta, adding the beautiful lantern that enriches the dome. It became a model for many later churches: a cross-shaped church with a dome on a drum (gray and lined with lead plates). The exterior is characterized by the monumentality conferred by the 'giant order' attributed to Michelangelo. The wall is reinforced by double Corinthian pilasters that accommodate balconies and windows, and the roof is topped by horizontal windows, suggesting a mystical sense.

Michelangelo's Pietà

Represents the perfect synthesis between classicism and Renaissance ideals. It established Michelangelo as a master sculptor and is a clear example of what he defined as the art of removal, not addition – meaning the marble block already contains the figure, and the sculptor's task is only to uncover it.

Virgin of the Rocks (Da Vinci, Louvre)

The painting features Saint John the Baptist as a child (San Juanito), the Virgin Mary, Jesus, and an angel. The Virgin of the Rocks showcases Leonardo da Vinci's definitive mastery of sfumato, an interposed veil between the gazes and forms, making them seem immaterial yet perceptible. An unreal atmosphere is created, bathing the figures in holy light, contrasting with the natural light in the background. Leonardo converted what could be a scientific anatomical study (like the hand) into pure poetry.

Madonna of the Goldfinch (Raphael, Uffizi)

It illustrates the influence of Leonardo da Vinci, both in its pyramidal composition and the way the figures are grouped, linked, and developed. This, combined with his training, creates Raphael Sanzio's renowned Florentine style: soft, smooth, and delicate.

Michelangelo's Last Judgment

Around 400 figures appear as a colossal whirlwind of people in a dramatic atmosphere. Michelangelo was accused of paganism for painting Jesus naked; later, a cloth of purity (loincloth) was added.

Charles V at Mühlberg (Titian)

In his face, one seems to read the victory. With a distinguished profile, the focus is on the extraordinary chromatic harmony with flashes of red, carmine, and gold. The figure, painted by Titian, appears locked within his armor, contrasting with the desolate landscape, seemingly having traded the human aspect for the myth of real power.