Renaissance and Baroque Art in Italy

Renaissance Art

Origin: Florence, Italy.

Renaissance: The rebirth of arts, beliefs, politics, and education in the context of Greco-Roman antiquity.

Causes of the Renaissance Origin

• Emergence of Greco-Roman sages.
• Religious coldness.
• Conscience to assert itself in the artist (artist's name in paintings).
• Environment that exists in classical Italian history.
• Invention of printing and paper use.

Renaissance Periods: 15th and 16th centuries.

General Characteristics

• Rational thought (It starts to think) takes on importance in the artist.
• Naturalism (works with natural appearance).
• Monumentality.
• Expressive dynamics.

Architecture

• Domes on scallops are replaced by flat domes.
• Pointed arches are replaced by round arches.

Materials: White marble, brick.

16th Century Architecture

Overlap of classical orders or a single giant order.

Representatives and Works

15th Century

• Felipe Brunelleschi: Florence Dome.
• Leon Alberti: Church of San Andres.

16th Century

• Michelangelo: St. Peter's Basilica.
• Raphael Sanzio: St. Peter's Basilica.
• Donato Bramante: Vatican Palace.

Sculpture

• Obsession with the human body (male) in motion.
• Appearance of the Bust-Portrait.
• Figures of children.

16th Century Sculpture

• His works are equipped with balance, grandiosity, and perfection.
• Some figures of slaves.

Representatives and Works

15th Century

• Lorenzo Ghiberti: Gates of Paradise (Florence Baptistery).
• Andrea del Verrocchio: Mausoleum of Giovanni and Piero de' Medici, *David* (teenager).

16th Century

• Michelangelo: *Pietà*, *Moses*, *David*.
• Donatello: *Gattamelata*, *David*, *Penitent Magdalene*.

Painting

• Chiaroscuro.
• Slender perfection with great hair.
• Geometry.
• Human themes.

16th Century Painting

• Tendency to simplicity.
• Clarity and grandiosity.
• Accentuated movement.

Representatives and Works

15th Century

• Paolo Uccello: *Battle of San Romano*.
• Sandro Botticelli: *The Birth of Venus*.
• Masaccio: *The Expulsion from Paradise*, *The Tribute Money*.

16th Century

• Leonardo da Vinci: *Mona Lisa*, *The Last Supper*, *Virgin and Child*.
• Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel ceiling, *Creation of Adam*.
• Raphael: *The School of Athens*, *Sistine Madonna*.

Baroque Art

Concept: An artistic movement that emerged against the Renaissance in the late 16th century and extended into the 18th century.

Country of Origin: Italy.

General Characteristics

• Passion and dynamism.
• Focus on reality.