Religious Movements and Historical Events

Pilgrimage

Pilgrimage is a ritual involving a trip to a holy place to give thanks or apologize for one's faith.

Catharism

Catharism, a Christian confession, emerged in the eleventh century in southern France, leading to a sectarian movement. It defended Christian dualism and advocated for poverty.

Scholasticism

Scholasticism was a philosophical and theological movement based on research to reconcile arguments of revelation or faith with arguments of reason.

Theocentrism

Theocentrism is a school of thought where God and reason were the center of everything that existed.

East-West Schism

East-West Schism (Source): The division of the Roman Empire into the Western and Byzantine empires created tension between the churches of Rome and Constantinople.

1054 (Aftermath):

• Differences in liturgical celebrations.
• The West attributed to the Pope the power of intervention in the universal Church, while the East remained more collegial.
• The West demanded celibacy for all priests, while the East only required it for bishops and monks.

Peace and Truce of God

During the eleventh and thirteenth centuries, the Catalan institutional church sought to limit the violence of feudal lords.

Peace of God: The right of the Church to shelter people and protect property within a protected territory.

Truce of God: The suspension of struggles and conflicts over a predetermined period, often covering Easter and Pentecost.

Investiture Controversy

Investiture consisted of the grant or donation to a church of a cleric or the appointment of bishops and abbots, which kings and nobles were concerned with. The problem was resolved with the signing of the Concordat of Worms.

Western Schism

Western Schism was the division that existed for almost 40 years between two groups of cardinals who supported the appointments of two different popes with the same political interests (1378-1417).

Benedictine Order

Benedictine Order was founded in 597 by St. Benedict at Monte Cassino. (Ora et Labora) Non-aquism Cluny, the Cistercians.

Mendicant Orders

Mendicant Orders were religious orders that spread the evangelical ideal through preaching and community life, living in poverty and freedom.