Radiation Protection Measures

Prevention

Acting on the Source

• Appropriate facility design
• Siding with cabins or curtains
• Partial machine isolation
• Screens and faders
• Regular monitoring of transmission area and radiation intensity

Action on the Environment

• Anti-reflective wall coatings
• Control of temperature, humidity, and ventilation
• Avoid concentrating multiple sources in one environment
• Delineation and marking of danger areas

Acting on Work Organization

• Reduce exposure time based on danger level
• Authorize access only to permitted personnel

Acting on People

• Inform and educate workers
• Use appropriate safeguards (e.g., goggles, absorbent clothing)
• Risk-based health screenings

Workplace Radon, Thoron, and Radiation Exposure

• Underground mines and tourist caves
• Spas and indoor pools
• Tunnels and galleries
• Storage and water treatment facilities
• Metro networks
• Any underground workplace
• Non-underground workplaces (radon in dwellings)

Industries Requiring Identification, Study, and Classification

• Phosphate processing
• Metal ore mining and industry
• Rare earth processing industries
• Coal power plants
• Building materials, quarries, and cement industries
• Thorium material production and use
• Titanium dioxide pigment industries
• Oil and gas extraction industries

Quantities and Units of Measurement

Activity

Activity (A) is the number of spontaneous nuclear transformations per unit of time, measured in Becquerels (Bq).

Half-Life

Half-life (T) is the time for a radionuclide's activity to halve.

Energy Level

Ionizing radiation energy is measured in electron volts (eV).

Absorbed Dose

Absorbed dose (D) is the energy transferred by radiation per unit mass, measured in Grays (Gy).

Dose Equivalent

Dose equivalent considers biological damage and is measured in Sieverts (Sv).

Radiation and Radioactive Contamination

Radiation is energy transfer without physical contact. Radioactive contamination is the presence of radioactive materials on surfaces, materials, or in mediums, including people. Contamination is a source of irradiation.