Psychomotor Skills and Physical Qualities in Sports

**Habits and Destination Driving**

In driving, human nature plays a significant role. Most training focuses on developing qualities that contribute to a person's overall enrichment.

**Basic Sports Skills**

These skills are developed from an early age and contribute to a person's overall enrichment.

**Dominant Skills**

• Good physical condition and general coordination are essential.
• Examples include running and jumping.
• Basic movements: jumps, turns, balances.

**Non-Dominant Skills**

• A good level of coordination and precision is required.
• Examples include throwing and hitting a ball.
• Basic movements: launches, receptions, pipes, impact (with the body or another instrument), and transportation.

**Psychomotor Qualities**

These qualities involve fundamental movements such as walking, running, jumping, or turning.

• **Coordination**

  The ability of the organism to deal efficiently with motor situations through the nervous system and muscles.

  • Combined movements
  • Orientation
  • Balance
  • Reaction
  • Rhythm
  • Transformation

  Types:

  • General dynamics (global movement)
  • Dynamic special (including the sense of sight and other body parts)

• **Balance**

  The capacity of a person to stay in a static or moving position.

  Types:

  • Static (courses)
  • Dynamic (ice skater)

• **Agility**

  The ability to execute movements in different directions and senses as quickly and accurately as possible (e.g., rhythmic gymnastics).

**Basic Physical Qualities**

These qualities enable the development of movement applied specifically to each sport.

• **Resistance**

  The body's ability to maintain physical effort for a long time and recover quickly.

• **Speed**

  The ability to execute one or more movements in the shortest possible time.

  Types:

  • Gesture
  • Movement

• **Force**

  The ability to oppose or overcome resistance.

  • Maximum force
  • Explosive force
  • Resistance force

• **Flexibility**

  The ability to move with the utmost extension possible.

  Involves: joints, muscles, and tendons.

  Types:

  • General
  • Localized

  Depends on: muscle elasticity and joint mobility.

**Muscular Contraction**

• **Isotonic**

  The muscle changes its length, lengthening or shortening it. When the muscle shortens, approaching its insertions, it produces a contraction.

  • **Concentric**

    Muscle shortening.

  • **Eccentric**

    Muscle lengthening.

• **Isometric**

  There is no apparent movement in the joint, and the muscle length does not vary. It builds muscle strength but remains in a fixed position (e.g., the "Christ" pose on the rings).