Properties of Matter: Mass, Volume, and Density
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Properties of Matter
Matter occupies space that can be measured. Two pieces of matter cannot occupy the same space.
The objects that surround us and which have defined limits are known as material bodies. If the limits are not precise, then we speak of material systems.
Properties of Matter
All the qualities of a material body are properties of matter.
- Extensive properties of matter: Extensive properties depend on the size of the material body we are observing, such as mass and volume.
- Intensive properties of matter: Intensive properties are not dependent on body size observed. They serve to differentiate material bodies. We say that two material bodies are composed of the same substance when they have the same intensive properties.
Measurement
What is Meant by Measure?
Measure is to compare something with an established model to determine the number of times that it contains it.
Many properties can be measured, such as mass, volume, density, etc. We need a standard for comparison and an appropriate instrument.
The properties of matter that can be counted and measured are called quantitative. The properties that do not need a standard to measure them are called qualitative.
Quantities and Units
Magnitude is everything that can be measured.
The unit of measurement is the standard we use to measure magnitudes.
The International System of Units
The measurement system is the set of quantities and units of measure chosen to measure them. Units of measurement:
- To convert from a larger unit to a smaller one, zeros are added.
- To convert from a smaller unit to a larger one, zeros are removed.
Mass
Mass can be defined as the amount of matter that a body has.
Mass is measured with an instrument called a scale. Each scale has a sensitivity. The sensitivity of a measuring instrument is the minimum amount that it can measure.
The unit of measurement of mass in the International System of Units is kg. The mass of the selected cylinder is equivalent to 1 liter of distilled water at 4°C.
Distance is measured in meters, and the magnitude is length.
Surface is measured in m2 and is two-dimensional: width and length.
Volume of Bodies
Volume is measured in m3 and is three-dimensional: width, length, and height.
Volume is the space an object occupies.
The unit of measure of volume is the m3.
Capacity is the maximum volume that a container can hold. It is used to measure liquids or solids, such as grain or ground materials.
The unit of capacity is the L, equivalent to 1 dm3.
Density
Density is the relationship between the mass and volume occupied by a body. It is calculated by dividing mass by volume.
Density is measured in kg/m3. Smaller units are also used, such as g/cm3.