Press, Poetry, and Verbs: Journalistic and Literary Analysis

Lesson 4 - The Press

The press pursues two main objectives: to objectively inform about current events and other information, and to interpret. There are two types:

• Informative: Its purpose is to inform about related events.
• Interpretive: Analyzes facts and values them according to different viewpoints.

Types of Structure

• Inverted Pyramid Structure: Information follows the order of relevance.
• Narrative Structure: Presents the chronological order of events.
• Dialogue Structure: The text is organized based on the speaker.

The News: Six Basic Questions

Who, what, where, when, why, and how.

The Interview

A dialogue between a character and a prestigious journalist or current figure. There are two types:

• Personality Interview: Aims to delve into the personality of a character through their activities.
• Opinion Interview: Aims to delve into an issue on which the interviewee is an expert.

The Chronicle

A journalistic genre that narrates events within time and space factors.

Item 5 - Poetry

A poem is a composition that includes several verses related to each other. It presents an organization, builds a rhythm, and has a sense of unity and autonomy.

Types of Poems

• Verse Poem: Follows poetic tradition with a cultured, regular measure and adheres to strophic structures.
• Free Verse Poem: Introduces greater freedom in versification. Verses do not follow a metric or rhyme pattern but maintain their own rhythm and musicality.
• Musical Poem: A type of written composition intended to be sung.
• Experimental Poem: Breaks all schemes and represents a search for poetic tradition based on creative freedom and exploration of new paths, including visual elements and geometric representation.
• Prose Poem: Does not use meter or stanzas but is rich in connotation, evident in images and rhetoric, vocabulary choice, and precise expression.

Literary Themes

Love, death, nature, beauty, etc.

Tone

Conveys the mood of the poet and is manifested in the content and atmosphere it creates:

• Humorous Tone: Emphasizes the comic or absurd aspects of reality.
• Festive Tone: Conveys optimism and joy.
• Grave or Serious Tone: Expresses concern, reflecting a significant issue.
• Melancholic Tone: Conveys pessimism and sadness, based on nostalgia and memory.

The Word - Verb

The verb is the part of grammar that informs about actions, states, or processes.

Morphologically

The verb is a class with inflectional morphemes: lexeme or root, termination, or endings.

Syntactically

The verb is the core of the predicate and determines the accessories that accompany it. Its number agrees with the core of the subject.

Lexically

Verbs can be formed by adding derivative morphemes to verb lexemes in various categories.

Verb Features

• Person: Expresses the grammatical person.
• Number: Indicates singular or plural.
• Tense: Simple (formed by a single word) or compound (formed by the auxiliary verb have and the participle of the verb).
• Aspect: Emphasizes the type of process, whether finished or in development.
• Mood: Indicative, subjunctive, imperative.
• Personal/Non-personal: Personal verbs have a person morpheme; non-personal verbs (infinitive, gerund, participle) do not.
• Conjugation: -ar (1st), -er (2nd), -ir (3rd).
• Regular/Irregular: Regular verbs follow conjugation models; irregular verbs do not.