Population Distribution: Factors, Evolution, and Trends

Population Distribution: Influencing Factors

Physical Factors

Weather patterns, elevation, land relief, soil fertility, aridity, humidity, and land accessibility all influence population distribution.

Historical Factors

Historically, populations have concentrated near rivers due to fertile land and access to resources.

Economic Factors

Population tends to concentrate where resources are abundant, such as productive land, water sources, and established businesses.

Evolution of Population in Rich Countries

Long Phase of Demographic Stability

• Families typically had an average of 5 children, but many died young.
• Unsafe crops, hunger, epidemics, and wars were prevalent.

Phase of Population Increase (Demographic Revolution)

• The disappearance of famines due to increased food production through improved farming techniques and crop yields.
• Improved hygiene: widespread use of coal allowed for warmer homes and reduced tuberculosis rates.

Phase of Decreasing Birth Rates

• New living conditions imposed by the transition from an agrarian to an urban society.
• Desire for a higher standard of living and increased consumption.
• The cost of raising and educating children.

Evolution of Population in Poor Countries

Long Phase of Demographic Stability

This phase lasted until well into the 20th century and was characterized by high birth and mortality rates.

Phase of Decreased Mortality

A noticeable decline in mortality rates in poor countries began towards the end of the 20th century.

The Population in Rich Countries

• The decrease in the mortality rate and the decline of fertility are influenced by factors such as difficulty finding stable employment.
• Higher life expectancy due to improved diet and medical care.

The Population in Poor Countries

• Younger population with many people having children at a young age.
• The increase in population implies a need for more food, hospitals, schools, housing, and employment opportunities.
• In countries without pension systems, children are often seen as an asset, providing family support and income in old age.