Political and Geographical Terms: Definitions
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Political and Geographical Terms
Territory
A territory is an extension of land with defined boundaries. These can be geographical or administrative boundaries.
Status
Status refers to a political unit - an independent administrative institution with the authority to exercise an independent judiciary.
Nation
A nation is a whole population that shares cultural traits.
Frontier
A frontier is a border limited to a specific geographic area.
Nation-State
A nation-state is a state that contains only one nation.
Multinational State
A multinational state is a state with many nations.
Stateless Nation
A stateless nation is a nation without a state.
Centralist State
In a centralist state, the legislative power resides in a single government.
Decentralized State
In a decentralized state, the government's administrative power is transferred to different regions.
Federal State
A federal state is a state where its regions have independent legal and administrative powers.
Confederacy
A confederacy is a set of states that retain their own independent powers.
Democratic State
A democratic state features civil liberties and the independence of the judiciary, legislature, and executive branches. Elections are held by universal suffrage under a governing Constitution.
Hondt Law
Hondt Law is the mathematical procedure used to distribute seats among candidates based on votes.
Constitutionalism
Constitutionalism is a political system governed by a constitutional text.
Parliamentarism
Parliamentarism is a political system in which legislative power is entrusted to a Parliament, before which the government is responsible.
Constituency
A constituency is a set of electors on which elections and several related operations are carried out.
Motion of Censure
A motion of censure is a procedure by which parliamentary members may hold the Prime Minister accountable for policies.
Executive Council
The Executive Council is an organ of the Government of Catalonia with executive and administrative functions.
Exclusive Powers
Exclusive powers are public functions over which the government has full authority and is the sole responsible entity.
Soil Science
Soil Science is the science that studies soils.
Free Trade
Free trade is an economic situation that advocates for the free movement of goods and services from one country to another.
Protectionism
Protectionism is a budgetary approach that calls for state intervention to restrict imports through customs duties.
POUM (Plan of Municipal Urban Arrangement)
POUM is a legal and technical instrument that comprehensively orders the territory of a municipality.