Plato's Life and Founding of the Academy

Plato: Athenian Philosopher's Early Life

Plato was born in Athens in 427 BC into a noble family. He received an education in music and gymnastics. A pivotal moment in his life occurred in 407 BC when he met his future mentor, Socrates. Plato studied under Socrates for about eight years until Socrates was convicted of corrupting the youth. Socrates was condemned to drink hemlock and died, refusing to renounce his sentence, accompanied by close friends at his final meal.

Plato was not present during his teacher's final moments, an event reported in the Phaedo. This outrageous injustice likely became the prototype for the philosophical struggle Plato dedicated his life to. Because of this event, the philosopher consistently attacked democracy as the worst political system, as it was under this form of government that the tragic event occurred.

Travels and Political Aspirations

Following Socrates' death, Plato traveled extensively, fearing persecution due to his association with his teacher. It is believed he visited Egypt and Italy, where he sought to learn more about Pythagoras. During one trip to Sicily, under the rule of the tyrants of Syracuse, Plato attempted to implement his ideal model of the state, even risking his personal safety. This project ultimately failed.

Founding the Academy

After his setbacks in Syracuse, Plato returned to Athens. He purchased a gymnasium northwest of the city and there founded the Academy. This institution was the first structured school of thought resembling a university, complete with statutes, a library, and students. In addition to philosophy, students received lessons in mathematics, astronomy, and physics, among other subjects. The school gained great fame, attracting students from all corners of the Mediterranean wishing to follow the teachings of the brilliant philosopher.

Plato's Later Years and Legacy

Plato died in Athens in 347 BC at the age of 80. He remained the head of the Academy until his death, a remarkably long life for that era. Upon his death, he left the leadership of the Academy to his nephew, contrary to the expectations of another great disciple, Aristotle. Aristotle, believing himself the rightful successor, eventually founded his own school, the Lyceum, out of spite as the renowned Academy began to decline.