Plant Kingdom: Classification, Characteristics, and Evolution

GREAT PLANTS (Metaphytes) belong to this group of photosynthesizing multicellular eukaryotic organisms whose cells have cell walls of cellulose. Plants have a biological cycle in which dipohaplonte diploid and haploid phases are distinguished with different development. There are two divisions: Bryophytes and Tracheophytes.

Bryophytes: Simple Plants

Bryophytes are the less evolved plants. They present a thallus-type organization, with no tissues or organs. This group includes mosses and liverworts, where the haploid body is more developed. Bryophytes are considered an evolution of algae.

Tracheophytes: Developed Plants

Tracheophytes are more developed plants; they have tissues and organs. Conducting structures of food substances are known as vascular. This plant body type is called a corm. The diploid phase is more developed. Two groups are distinguished:

Pteridophytes

Pteridophytes present male gametes, flagellates, and need a moist environment for fertilization. These plants are called cryptogams.

Spermatophytes

Spermatophytes do not have flagellate gametes and do not need to live in an aquatic environment. Characteristics: reproductive structure is fanerógamas. The formation of the embryo within seeds has structures that give the plants a number of characteristics: a highly effective form of resistance is another factor that may harm the embryo. They contain nutrients that feed the embryo and disseminate new individuals.

Spermatophytes are classified into:

Gymnosperms

They have naked seeds; the flowers are not showy, and the body houses the female gamete, which is open. They are woody plants; the best-known are the conifers.

Angiosperms

They have a higher evolution and can live in all environments. Characteristics: The flowers are enclosed inside body cells are sexual. The seeds are inside the fruit and can be adapted to dryness, humidity, etc. The angiosperms are divided into:

Monocotyledons

Groups of cereals, are herbaceous, the embryo has a single cotyledon.

Dicotyledons

Characterized by the embryo having two structures that become the first leaves.