Plant and Animal Tissues: Reproduction and Types

Asexual Reproduction in Plants

Asexual reproduction is the process through which an organism produces other organisms without the participation of more than one parent.

Methods of Asexual Reproduction

Runner or Stolon

Runners or stolons can produce buds that develop into new plants that are clones.

Fragmentation

Fragmentation occurs when a small part of the plant falls off onto the soil and begins to grow into a new plant.

Budding

Each bud will grow like a clone of the original plant that produced it, such as a potato.

Gemmation

Gemmae are shed and dispersed to other areas, where they grow to produce new individuals.

Vegetative Propagation

Vegetative propagation happens when someone takes a part of the plant and replants it in another place.

Animal Tissues

Types of Animal Tissues

Epithelial Tissue

Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities, such as the skin.

Connective Tissue

Connective tissue binds and supports body parts.

Adipose Tissue

Adipose tissue consists mainly of fat cells.

White Adipose

White adipose serves as an energy store for times of starvation or great exertion and forms pads between organs.

Brown Adipose

Brown adipose is found mainly in newborns in animals, generates heat, and consumes energy. In humans, the percentage found in the body decreases with age.

Cartilaginous Tissue

Cartilaginous tissue is a type of connective tissue formed by specialized cells (chondrocytes) and an extracellular basic substance.

Muscular Tissue

Muscular tissue enables the movement of structures within the body and the movement of the entire person/animal.

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Skeletal muscle tissue facilitates the movement of the structures of the body, such as running and walking.

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Cardiac muscle tissue is important for effective blood flow through the heart.

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Smooth muscle tissue is located around the walls of many internal structures, such as the stomach and intestines.

Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue enables responses to stimuli and coordinates bodily functions.

Nerve Cells (Neurons)

Nerve cells (neurons) transmit nerve impulses that move information around the body.

Neuroglia (Glia)

Neuroglia (Glia) support and protect nerve cells.

Bone Tissue

Bone tissue provides support and protection of soft tissues, calcium and phosphate storage, and harbors bone marrow.

Blood Tissue

Blood tissue is a fluid that transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells and carries away carbon dioxide.

Plasma

Plasma is a transport system for blood cells and plays a critical role in maintaining normal blood pressure.

Blood Cells

• Red Blood Cells (RBCs): Give the blood its characteristic color and carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues, and contain hemoglobin that binds oxygen.
• White Blood Cells (WBCs): Are capable of motility and defend the body against infection and disease.
• Platelets: Stop bleeding by clumping and clotting blood vessel injuries.

• Two parents are involved (a male and female).
• Gamete formation and fertilization take place.
• The whole process is slow and lengthy.
• Variation occurs; offspring are different from parents, genetically and physically.

Flower

It is the reproductive unit of some plants (angiosperms).