Physics Essentials: Motion, Forces, & Newton's Laws
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Vocabulary
- Motion: An object’s change in position relative to a reference point.
- Frame of Reference: A system for specifying the precise location of objects in space and time.
- Displacement: The change in position of an object.
- Speed: The distance traveled divided by the time interval during which the motion occurred.
- Velocity: The speed of an object in a particular direction.
- Acceleration: The rate at which velocity changes over time; an object accelerates if its speed, direction, or both change.
- Force: An action exerted on a body in order to change the body’s state of rest or motion; force has magnitude and direction.
- Friction: A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact.
- Net Force: The combination of all forces acting on an object.
Key Concepts: Motion & Forces
- Difference between distance and displacement
- Distance traveled is a scalar quantity, while displacement is a vector quantity.
- Difference between speed and velocity
- Velocity is the speed with a direction, while speed does not have a direction.
- Calculating Speed
- Calculating Acceleration
- Difference between balanced and unbalanced forces
- In balanced forces, the magnitudes of the two forces are equal, while in unbalanced forces, the magnitudes are unequal.
Chapter 12: Forces
Vocabulary
- Inertia: The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion unless an outside force acts on the object.
- Newton’s First Law: An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion maintains its velocity, unless it experiences a net force.
- Newton’s Second Law: The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the object’s mass times its acceleration.
- Weight: A measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object.
- Free Fall: The motion of a body when only the force of gravity is acting on the body.
- Projectile Motion: The curved path an object follows when it's thrown or launched.
- Terminal Velocity: The constant velocity of a falling object when the force of air resistance is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force of gravity.
- Newton’s Third Law: For every action, there's an equal and opposite reaction.
- Momentum: A quantity defined as the product of the mass and velocity of an object.