Physical Activity, Training, and Fitness: A Comprehensive Overview

Physical Activity and Training

Training is the set of practices aimed at regulating and improving performance over time.

Training Objectives

• Motivation
• Positive thinking

Sports Training

• Fitness training
• Technical and tactical training

Training Maintenance

Maintaining fitness or engaging in physical activity.

Fitness Training

Motor Skills

Allow individuals to perform movements with full efficiency.

Loading or Work

Training exercises are based on volume and intensity.

Recovery or Rest

There are two types: complete and incomplete, passive and active.

Fatigue

A state transition created in the body due to effort.

Performance

Act Selye

A stimulus in the body produces a stress reaction, generating a reaction that increases performance.

Schultz Law

Each person has an initial performance level to which training adapts.

Physical-Sports Activities

Recreational Activities

• Goal: Fun, popular participation
• Flexibility: Implementation adapts to group norms
• Spontaneity: Volunteer activities
• Technical: Each participant responds with their motor skills
• Field of Play: All environments (playgrounds, collectives, singles, adversary)

Fitness

DLS (Dynamic Locomotor Skills) is a key objective in Physical Education (EF). It involves a set of physical activities aimed at improving physical condition.

Physical Training

A scientific and pedagogical process aiming to maximize the development of individual qualities.

Education

Promotes and enriches individual development.

Physical Education (EF)

The part of general education that contributes to the overall development of humans.

Strength

The ability to sustain an effort for the greatest possible time.

Resistance Classes

• Aerobics: Extended, slight to intense effort.
• Anaerobic: Effort raises an imbalance between oxygen consumption and lactate threshold.

Force

The external expression of work in a single muscle contraction.

Speed

A component of the driving condition characterized by the neuromuscular system's dominance over the vegetative system.

Flexibility

The quality that enables movements at the maximum amplitude of the joint.

Rhythmic-Expressive Activities

Movements

• Body, space, training, pace of execution graph

Expression

Externalizing what we have inside.

Anita Harrow

1. Reflexes
2. Basic movements
3. Perceptivity
4. Physical movements
5. Specialized movements
6. Communicative movements

Physical Activity and Health

Body Response

• Adaptations to sport: Increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate.
• Organic Adaptations: Improved muscular function, increased cardiovascular capacity, increased respiratory capacity, increased anaerobic and aerobic capacity.
• Functional Adaptations: Increased efficiency in energy supply, neuromuscular speed, improved mechanical efficiency.

Health

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of diseases.

Nutrition

The set of processes by which our body obtains, uses, and transforms nutrients.

Food

Food intake to obtain nutrients.

Metabolism

The set of chemical reactions occurring in all living beings for the maintenance of life, growth, and reproduction.