Photosynthesis: Key Reactions and Processes Explained
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Photosynthesis: Key Reactions and Processes
Oxygen Release in Photosynthesis: Oxygen is released during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, specifically when water molecules are split (photolysis).
Organelles Involved: The organelles represented are the mitochondria and chloroplast. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast, and cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria.
Oxygen as a Waste Product: Oxygen (O2) is produced as a byproduct during photosynthesis and is consumed during cellular respiration.
Anabolic and Catabolic Processes: Photosynthesis is an anabolic process (building complex molecules), while cellular respiration is a catabolic process (breaking down complex molecules).
Photosystems: Structure and Location
Photosystems are complexes of transmembrane proteins containing photosynthetic pigments. They consist of two subunits: a functional antenna and a reaction center. They are located in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.
Electron Donor in Noncyclic Photophosphorylation: Water is the initial electron donor in noncyclic photophosphorylation. Water molecules are transformed, releasing electrons.
Energy-Rich Compounds in Cyclic Photophosphorylation: ATP is produced during cyclic photophosphorylation.
Location of Light-Dependent Reactions: The light-dependent reactions occur in the chloroplast.
Light-Dependent Reactions: A Closer Look
Light Phase Location: The light phase occurs in the thylakoid membranes.
Electron Transfer in Light Phase: During the light phase, electrons are transferred to NADP+, which becomes NADPH. These electrons originate from chlorophyll P700.
Calvin Cycle: Purpose and Function
In addition to NADPH, ATP is also produced in the light-dependent reactions and used in the Calvin cycle. The purpose of the Calvin cycle is to convert sunlight into energy needed for living organisms to carry out their vital functions. Photosynthesis is the primary source of organic matter.
Process Identification: The process being described is photosynthesis.
Oxygen Release: Oxygen is released during oxygenic photosynthesis.
Location of Photosynthesis Stages
The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoids, while the dark reactions (Calvin cycle) occur in the stroma of the chloroplasts.
Process and Organelle: The process represented is photosynthesis, and it takes place in the chloroplasts.
Role of Water: Water donates electrons to stabilize chlorophyll, and two H+ ions combine with ADP to form NADPH2.