Photography and Film: Techniques and Production

Photography and Film: Definition and Origins

Photography - A procedure for recording images based traditionally on the impression created by the light reflecting off objects in the film within a camera.

Films - A procedure to capture a sequence of images very quickly so that when reproduced, it gives the sensation of movement.

Technicalities of Photography I

We can say that the camera and the human eye are similar in many respects. In the process of vision, light reflects off objects.

• The frame - Refers to the piece of reality you want to photograph and select through the viewfinder of the camera.
• The approach - To capture an object, it is clearly necessary to properly place the camera lens.
• The depth of field - Is smaller the closer and more focused when focused to infinity.

1-View from below. 2 - Vertical Frame. 3-Frame horizontal.

Technical Aspects of Photography II

Regulating the amount of light. The diaphragm is a device in cameras that, by opening and closing, allows for more or less light. The diaphragm acts similarly to the pupil in the eye.

The shutter - An adjustable mechanism consisting of a sort of curtain that opens and closes with variable speed in each shot.

Technical Aspects of Photography III

The shooting is the process of making a movie in which every one of the scenes that compose it are recorded.

• The scene - Is the take that matches the input and output frame of video players.
• The frame - Each static image that makes up a movie.
• Map - A series of frames captured by the camera without any interruption.
• Sequence - Organized precisely, different levels depending on the message or idea you want to convey.
• The lighting - A technique that involves ensuring the correct light level to allow the operation of the camera.
• The sound - A very important part of the film.
• The assembly - Placing the various sequences to adequately express the story that is to be told.

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Expressive Resources in Cinema

Cinema offers a world of fantasy, illusion, and fiction.

The choice of the plane - There are three types of planes:

• General plans - Used to describe the environment and as a presentation.
• Medium shots - Have narrative value, are used for dialogues and action scenes.
• Close-ups - Tend to have expressive and dramatic value.

The angulation - The point of view of the camera with respect to what is filmed.

• Normal - Placed at the eye level of the characters.
• Down - The camera is placed above the objects, picked from the top so that this is smaller.
• Low-angle shot - The object is seen from below, which gives the feeling of superiority to the characters.

The movements of the camera - Cameras can be operated manually or arranged in various types of cranes.

• The panoramic - The camera pivots on the vertical axis in one plane.
• The traveling - The camera slides over the rails or a vehicle is moved along with the action of the character.
• The zoom - A movement away from or closer to the character and is simulated by the camera with the lenses of its objective.