Philosophical Foundations of Law and Human Rights

Philosophical Views on Human Nature and Law

There are many reasons why human nature and the purpose of laws exist. Thomas Hobbes believed human nature to be brutish and destructive; thus, the purpose of laws is to prevent such nature and maintain order. Hypothetically, an anti-violence law regulating society to prevent harm would align with Hobbes's views.

For Aristotle, human life is neither inherently good nor bad by nature; rather, upbringing determines social and political character. Nevertheless, Aristotle believed the purpose of laws is to encourage virtue. He would likely support laws aiding those in need, especially after natural disasters. For instance, the Model Act for Facilitation of International Disaster Relief and Recovery Assistance exemplifies such a law, specializing in global preparation and support for natural disaster victims.

Lastly, John Locke viewed human nature as rational and social, governed by inalienable rights inherent from God’s creation. Nonetheless, he believed the purpose of these laws is to protect our inalienable rights, which include:

• Life
• Liberty
• Health
• Property

Liberty: A Universal Human Right

Liberty stands out as a crucial inalienable right. Furthermore, its importance should be recognized not only by governmental laws but also by the universal laws of humankind. Actions such as civil disobedience can provide feedback on governmental actions, leading to community improvement. Thus, it is a right inherent to humanity, one that cannot be suppressed by force, as such suppression is inhumane.

Amnesty International, an international non-profit organization, actively combats injustice. The organization aims to:

• Protect human rights
• Influence public opinion
• Pressure governments to investigate human rights abuses globally

Ultimately, they campaign for a world where human rights are universally upheld.