Philosophical Analysis of Essence, Reality, and Choice in The Matrix

Philosophical Concepts: Idea, Essence, and Reality

1. Idea and Object Equalization

We must possess a prior idea of something before we perceive it, allowing us to equalize our internal idea with the external object we observe. However, these two entities are never completely equal, as absolute equality does not exist.

What remains constant is the essence, which does not change regardless of our appearances or perceptions.

2. Classifying Types of Change

The following changes are classified as either accidental or substantial:

• a) Accidental change
• b) Accidental change
• c) Substantial change
• d) Accidental change
• e) Substantial change

3. Substance and Essence

The substance remains the same; its essence is unchanged even though its form may alter. For example, a ship remains the same ship despite modifications to its physical structure.

4. Neo's Choice and Existentialism

Neo’s decision is fundamentally related to existentialism, which centers on the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent. This philosophy asserts that each individual is free to decide how to act or live, thereby having control over their own life.

These decisions are driven by subjective knowledge, including feelings, personal experiences, and intuition.

5. The Matrix and Existential Freedom

The Matrix is pervasive. It controls individuals and imposes a limited, predetermined mindset. It functions as a simulation of the real world where inhabitants are tricked and cannot make genuine decisions because they do not truly know the reality of their existence.

From an existentialist perspective, decisions should define the essence of the person. In the world of the Matrix, inhabitants lack the possibility of making defining decisions due to their limited minds.

Conversely, in the world outside the Matrix (the real world), individuals possess the freedom to act upon whatever their minds can conceive.

6. Morpheus, Direct Realism, and Solipsism

Morpheus clearly rejects direct realism. He argues that if we believe reality is defined solely by what can be perceived, we are being deceived, as perception is merely electrical signals interpreted by the brain.

His assertion could be interpreted as defending solipsism, suggesting that since we cannot truly know what is real externally, we only know that we exist as a thinking substance.

7. Cypher's Choice: Existential Support and Criticism

Cypher's choice presents a philosophical paradox:

• Support: The choice could be supported by existentialism because he is actively making a decision and assuming its consequences, thereby defining the essence of his own life.
• Criticism: Conversely, existentialism would criticize this choice because he is renouncing the freedom to make future decisions, leading to an inauthentic life.

We understand that Cypher desired an easier life, seeking to alleviate the anxiety caused by the constant confrontation with difficult decisions.