Passive Voice, Reported Speech, Conditionals, Modals, Relatives, and Writing Tips

Passive Voice

The man studies Latin in university. Latin is studied in university by the man.

Changes

• Present Simple: is/are + past participle
• Present Continuous: is/are being + past participle
• Present Perfect: have/has been + past participle
• Past Simple: was/were + past participle
• Past Perfect: had been + past participle
• Past Continuous: was/were being + past participle
• Will/Can/Must: be + past participle
• Going to: is/are going to be + past participle

Pronoun Changes:

• I - me
• You - you
• He - him
• She - her
• It - it
• We - us
• They - them (always after "by")

Conditionals

• 1st Conditional: Subject + verb (present simple), subject + will/won't + verb (base form)
• 2nd Conditional: Subject + verb (past simple), subject + would + verb (base form)

Reported Speech

"I am making my lunch," said Jon. - Jon said that he was making his lunch then.

Notes:

• In negative sentences, use "not".
• In questions, remove "do".
• In questions without "where", use "if".

Time and Place Changes

• Now - then
• Yesterday - the day before
• Last week - the week before
• Tomorrow - the next day
• Next week - the following week
• Today - that day
• Tonight - that night
• This week - that week
• This - that
• These - those
• Here - there

Verb Changes

• I go - I went
• I'm going - I was going
• I've gone - I had gone
• I went - I had gone
• I was going - I had been going
• I had gone - I had gone
• I will go - I would go
• I would go - I would go
• I am going to go - I was going to go
• I can go - I could go
• I must go - I had to go
• I have been going - I had been going

Modal Verbs

• Can - to be able to
• Could - might
• Should - ought to
• May - might
• Must - have to
• Don't have to - needn't

Relative Clauses

• Who - that (for people)
• Which - that (for things)
• Whose - of which
• Where - in which (for places)
• When - at which (for time)

Breaking the sentence: Subject 1 + relative + verb 2 + rest of the sentence + verb 1

Writing: School Uniforms

Nowadays, most schools don't use uniforms. Some years ago, most students used to wear uniforms; however, the situation has changed a lot. In my opinion, I believe uniforms can help parents not to spend a lot of money on clothes.

Arguments for and Against Uniforms

On the one hand, students like children or teenagers don't like wearing the same kind of clothes. They want to wear their own clothes, although it's true that most teenagers tend to wear the same jeans or sweaters. On the other hand, wearing a uniform is a way to save a lot of money. At first, you spend much money buying two uniforms, but later you have got them for all the course. Also, there isn't jealousy between them.

Conclusion

To sum up, I personally think wearing a uniform is a good way to be all equal. I want to say that it doesn't matter if you have a lot of money or not; everybody wears the same clothes during the week.