Otolaryngology Review
Classified in Medicine & Health
Written at on English with a size of 13.93 KB.
Guideline
1. Focus on Solving (All / None)
2. Focus on Solving (T/F)
3. Focus on Solving Subject by Subject
Moderate Allergy Tx
(C)
Aphyxia
->(ER Tracheostomy)
Larynx Abd
->(C-A-P)
Allergy
-> Pale mucosa!
Septal Resection Does Not Cause
-> Nasal Polyp
Photoan
-> Weak VC
Contact Ulcer
-> Vocal abuse!
VC Lateral
-> Paralysis
VC Constriction
-> Functional aphonia!
Bullous Myringitis
-> PS Aeruginosa!
Normal Skin
-> Except diphtheria!
Swelling of Inner Orbital
-> ALL
Sinuses
- Posterior Ethmoid -> (Superior meatus)
- Max sinus -> Middle meatus
- Max sinus -> at nose level
Tonsillitis
- Acute (NOT) Nasopharyngeal obstruction
- Chronic (Not) -> bad smell!
- Hypertrophy (compli) -> Otitis media + Hearing loss
- Chronic (except) -> systemic features!
- Not Acute Tonsillitis -> epistaxis!
- 1st Line Non Allergic Child with Acute -> Penicillin V
- Paratonsilitis Dx (NOT) -> CT scan
Pharyngitis
- Chronic (not Dx) -> Oral Cavity exam
- Acute Viral (NOT) -> Plaques on tonsil
- Chronic Hypertrophic -> Lymphadenopathy...posterior pharyngeal wall
- Chronic Etiology (NOT) -> Deviated Septum
- Acute Cause -> (All)
Rhinitis
- Acute -> red nasal mucosa, mucopurulent
- Allergic -> obstruct nasal breathing (longest)
- Allergic -> Pale Mucosa!
- Allergic -> All of the above!
- Allergic mild Tx -> systemic H1
- Moderate Allergic Tx -> (C)
- Allergic (non-specific) -> tearing!
- Medicomatosa -> Intranasal Steroid!
- Acute (Cause) -> Rhino/Coro
- Acute Viral Tx -> Decongestant
- Hormonal rhinitis -> Pregnancy!
- Chronic Hypertrophic (except) -> Impaired sense of smell
- Chronic Hypertrophic (except) -> Anterior + posterior ends...
- Atrophic (Except) -> common in children
- Atrophic Rhinitis -> more in males!
- Atrophic (Tx) -> Adm of Systemic estrogen!
- Vasomotor -> (None)
- Hyperplastic -> chemical irritation!
- Chronic Tx -> Long term use of Topical Decongestant
- Dry stage of Acute (DON'T give) -> OP Ax!
- Not used for Dx -> rhinometry
- Moderate allergic Tx -> local (nasal steroid)
Laryngitis
- +GERD affects -> VC
- Chronic Forms -> 3 (cat/atrophic/hypertrophic)
- TB -> (C)
- Larynx abd -> (C-A-P)
- Larynx - (100-1000 HZ)
- Larynx TB -> All
- Cancer mts -> Glottis?
- Cysitis -> any region!
Cyst
- Larynx -> Any part of it!
- VC cystitis -> Any region of larynx!
- Maxillary sinus -> dental origin!
Polyp
- Ethmoidal polyp -> Idiopathic
- Ethmoidal polyp -> Rate of recurrence high!
- Ethmoidal polyp -> multiple + bilateral!
- Location -> Anterior 1/3
- A-C polyp -> Single + unilateral
- Laryngeal polyp -> Both
- Nasal (except) -> Sensitive to touch
Ménière's Disease
- Except -> Renner Test -ve
- Tx -> Shunt operation
VC
- 1 VC in paramedian -> unilateral incomplete
- 1 VC in cadaveric -> unilateral incomplete
- Both VC in paramedian -> bilateral incomplete
Cancer
- Larynx (False) -> = in both sexes!
- Larynx -> 3rd + 4th decade!
- Larynx Sx -> Hoarseness!
- Larynx site -> glottis!
- Larynx mts -> hypopharyngeal! / Cervical LN (2Q)
- Larynx mts -> Cervical LN
- Commonest Larynx tumor -> Squamous cell Carcinoma
- Subglottic Cancer (except) -> is Most common Type of cancer...
- Larynx Stage I + II (atypical) -> Inspiration dyspnea!
- Larynx recommended -> hemilaryngectomy with Regional LNtomy
- Larynx Min state of mts -> III
- VC pathology + Precancer -> Chronic Hypertrophic L + K...
- Subglottic -> A + D (Respiratory Difficulty + SCC)
Nerve
- Unilateral Laryngeal Tx -> I + M
- Unilateral (except) -> cricothyroid
- Bilateral Tx -> lateralization of VC
- Bilateral Caused -> Tracheostomy!
- Superior Laryngeal -> cricothyroid!
Nasal Septum
Abscess -> Traumatic Hematoma!
Rhinosinusitis
- Acute Tx -> Conservative Tx
- Chronic -> (2 option: open + something)
- Not Surgery indication -> preseptal cellulitis!
- Chronic (NOT) -> Cough!
- Complication of acute intercranial -> meningitis + epidural abscess!
Otitis Media
- Supperative sign (except) -> Tragus (+ve)
- Cause -> Strept / Pn / H Influenza!
- Acute Sx -> Ear pain, hearing loss, pain!
- Chronic Tx -> Tympanostomy
- Secretory -> inflammatory effusion /...
- Children -> Strepto / Influenza
- Incision -> Myringotomy / Paracentesis
- Early acute serous Sx -> Autophony!
- Acute Sx (newborn) -> B + C
- Serous (Not) -> bulging ear drum / N + NP are Normal!
- Acute (False) -> Retracted ear drum
- Acute Serous (except) -> Nose + Nharynx are N
- Acute serous (except) -> Purulent discharge present
- Acute serous Tx (Except) -> Topical Decongestant
- Purulent otitis complain -> Bad Hearing / crackles.....
- Middle phase -> purulent discharge)
- Exudative otitis tympanogram -> Type B
- Acute otitis NOT perform? -> Audiogram!
- Exudative characteristic -> TM rupture perforation!
- Intercranial complication (except) -> Peritonitis!
L Nerve
- Superior Injury
- Inferior Injury paralysis (except) -> cricothyroid!
Pharyngitis
Chronic Atrophic Tx -> Both (Oil + Kines)
Laryngitis
Chronic forms -> 3 Catarrhal, atrophic + hypertrophic!
Case
1-5 yo + III palate hypertrophic + OMAS -> Bilateral tonsillectomy!
Sinusitis
- Maxillary -> middle meatus!
- Chronic (Not) -> Cough!
- Headache -> Aggravated by stooping / exertion!
- Chronic -> > 12 W
- Not Complication -> Epistaxis!
- Acute non-complicated (Not) -> Proptosis!
Adenoiditis
- Except -> (anorexia)
- 2nd degree -> cover 2/3 choana!
- Not Sx - (Diarrhea (E))
- Grades during mirror exam (4)
- Not Sx -> headache
Tonsillectomy
- Except (2W)
- Ind (Pn after Peritonsillar abscess!)
- Ind (ALL)
- Ind (All Except C)
- Ind (freq > 4/year!)
- Not Ind (Meningitis after Peritonsillar abscess)
- is (Removal of palatine tonsils)
Epiglottitis
- Children -> Influenza B
- Ax of choice -> ampicillin!
Otosclerosis
- Sx -> intact Tympanic membrane... -> Gradual hearing loss & Tinnitus
- (except) -> Common in males!
- Not True -> No Relationship with puberty!
- Absorption of -> Spongy bone
- Sx -> Deafness without tinnitus!
- Audiometry -> Negative Pressure Normal Compliance!
Mucocele
Frontal sinus (except) -> Swelling elastic!
Suppraglottis
-> Fold / Arytenoid!
Tx
-> Ampicillin!
Ménière's Disease
(Except) -> hyperactive caloric response!
Sx -> Cochlear sx before vestibular!
Mastoiditis
- Acute Types -> ALL
- Radiological Finding -> All
- Except -> low Fever / Purulent drainage?
- Finding in surgical mastoiditis -> erosion of dural sinus!
- Dx -> Temporal CT
- Dx (Except) -> X-ray of paranasal sinus!
- Except -> ↑ Earache!
- Types -> All
- Acute (except) -> Auricle is Normal
- Surgery radio finding -> rarefaction and loss of distinction...
- X-ray Reveal (COSM) -> sclerotic mastoid!
TMP (Tympanic Membrane Perforation)
Chronic (Not) -> sudden hearing loss!
Normal membrane -> Secretory OM
Tonsillitis
Acute Follicular (Staphylococcus)
Varies
- Carcinoma -> Glottis!
- Intubation -> 3-6 days!
- Intubation (NOT) -> L carcinoma!
- Mucocele -> Frontal Sinus!
- Children Hearing -> 0-20!
- Myringotomy -> bulging stage AOM
- Hair line otoscopy -> Serous otitis media
- Congenital anomaly -> aryngomalacia
- Epiglottis (Long + tube) -> Children
- Piriform fossa -> Lowest part of laryngopharynx!
- High pitch -> Short and thick VC
Maxillary Sinus
- -> Middle
- Floor -> level of nose!
Myringotomy
- Ind -> ALL
- Ind (except) -> Secretory otitis media / Bulbosa
- As otitis media Indicated -> Stage of exudate!
- Complication -> All!
Vincent
- Spirochete
- -> Ulcerative
- Tx -> Penicillin
- Spirochete + fusiform
Left Recurrent
- (around aorta)
- (Not cricothyroid)
Diphtheria
- (Grey membrane)
- (Toxin..Corynebacterium)
- Tx (All)
- Tx (antitoxin)
- Laryngeal - (Bull neck)
Surgery
- -> (P cellulitis)
- -> (O Cellulitis!)
- Surgery for endoscopic resection -> (endoscopic sinus surgery)
Ind Surgery
S.M.R -> Deviated Septum!
Ozaena
- Except -> (Not Unilateral!)
- -> (All)
All/Any
- Posterior Rhinoscopy
- Structure of Ethmoid air cells
- Nasal Turbinate role!
- Retropharyngeal abscess!
- Pharyngeal diphtheria include
- Peritonsillar abscess
- Fibroma of nasopharynx!
- Indication for tonsillectomy!
- Diphtheria Tx (1 of 3 Q)
- Swelling of Inner orbital reflects:
- Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)
- Infection of nose + paranasal sinus
- Ozena characteristics
- Complication of Sinus Disease:
- Choanal Atresia Sx
- Tonsillectomy Ind
- Tonsillectomy method management
- Post Tonsillectomy bleeding provoked!
- Ax for otitis media
- Papillomatosis characteristic!
- Factors for VC closure!
- Myringotomy Indication:
- Tx of Ménière's Disease
- Acute pharyngitis may cause!
- Ear Wax!
- Types of Acute mastoiditis
- Early feature of Acute Otitis media
- Lateral sinus thrombosis Tx!
- Acute infective Laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis!
- True about otitic barotrauma (except)
- Perforation of nasal septum!
- Herpangina
- Ozena
- Swelling of inner disease include:
- Complication of sinus disease!
- Common sx of choanal atresia:
None
- Olfactory area!
- Acute follicular tonsillitis!
- Vasomotor Rhinitis!
- Tx of Mononucleosis Angina!
- Cochlear otosclerosis!
- Internal auditory artery is branch
- Complication of Myringotomy!
- Malignant otitis externa!
Abscess
- Zygomatic -> external auditory canal
- Bezold -> beneath sternocleidomastoid
- Mastoid -> post-aural subperiosteal
- Luc's -> over zygoma!
- Cerebellar (except) -> head tilt!
- Retropharyngeal abscess (ALL)
- Retropharyngeal Except (TB)
- Parapharyngeal -> Jugular vein thrombosis!
- Parapharyngeal Except -> (B) Longest!
- Peritonsillar abscess (except) -> head backward
- Paratonsillar Tx -> Drainage!
- Peritonsillar abscess -> in both fossa
True
- Inferior turbinate is separate bone!
- Incisors + premolar teeth to max sinus
- Tonsil + adenoids have Efferent not Afferent!
- Parapharyngeal abscess -> Necrosis!
- Parapharyngeal abscess -> thrombosis of Internal jugular vein!
- Peritonsillar abscess..Diffuse, Tender, swelling!
- Osteomas are most common benign tumor
- Maxillary sinus carcinoma, rarely produces Sx!
- Most serious complication of maxillary antral wash is embolism!
- Each fiber of auditory nerve ends in one inner cell...
- Tegmen Tympani separates the attic!
False
- VC have no LN
- Middle turbinate is separate bone!
- Laryngeal Cancer is not equal in both Sexes!
- Inflammation / Trauma of olfactory area...temp smell loss
- Septal hematoma causes one side swelling!
- Unilateral nasal discharge is Vasomotor rhinitis
- Malignant tumor from posterior-superior part
- Deafness is rarely produced by lesion in cortex
- Tympanic plexus supplies the tensor tympani muscle
Coryza
- -> viral infection
- Organism -> Rhinovirus
- Prolonged -> Streptococci!
Important Nerves
Vagus + L Sup + L Rec
Recurrent Laryngeal
- -> Around aorta
- -> NOT supplies 'Cricothyroid'
- -> supplies ABDUCTORS
- Tx -> C + M
- Not Motor -> Posterior cricoarytenoid
Superior Laryngeal
Injury -> Cricothyroid!
Retropharyngeal Abscess
- Except -> TB
- -> All of the above!
Parapharyngeal Abscess (Except)
-> Jugular vein thrombosis!!