Otolaryngology Review

Classified in Medicine & Health

Written at on English with a size of 13.93 KB.

Guideline

1. Focus on Solving (All / None)

2. Focus on Solving (T/F)

3. Focus on Solving Subject by Subject

Moderate Allergy Tx

(C)

Aphyxia

->(ER Tracheostomy)

Larynx Abd

->(C-A-P)

Allergy

-> Pale mucosa!

Septal Resection Does Not Cause

-> Nasal Polyp

Photoan

-> Weak VC

Contact Ulcer

-> Vocal abuse!

VC Lateral

-> Paralysis

VC Constriction

-> Functional aphonia!

Bullous Myringitis

-> PS Aeruginosa!

Normal Skin

-> Except diphtheria!

Swelling of Inner Orbital

-> ALL

Sinuses

  • Posterior Ethmoid -> (Superior meatus)
  • Max sinus -> Middle meatus
  • Max sinus -> at nose level

Tonsillitis

  • Acute (NOT) Nasopharyngeal obstruction
  • Chronic (Not) -> bad smell!
  • Hypertrophy (compli) -> Otitis media + Hearing loss
  • Chronic (except) -> systemic features!
  • Not Acute Tonsillitis -> epistaxis!
  • 1st Line Non Allergic Child with Acute -> Penicillin V
  • Paratonsilitis Dx (NOT) -> CT scan

Pharyngitis

  • Chronic (not Dx) -> Oral Cavity exam
  • Acute Viral (NOT) -> Plaques on tonsil
  • Chronic Hypertrophic -> Lymphadenopathy...posterior pharyngeal wall
  • Chronic Etiology (NOT) -> Deviated Septum
  • Acute Cause -> (All)

Rhinitis

  • Acute -> red nasal mucosa, mucopurulent
  • Allergic -> obstruct nasal breathing (longest)
  • Allergic -> Pale Mucosa!
  • Allergic -> All of the above!
  • Allergic mild Tx -> systemic H1
  • Moderate Allergic Tx -> (C)
  • Allergic (non-specific) -> tearing!
  • Medicomatosa -> Intranasal Steroid!
  • Acute (Cause) -> Rhino/Coro
  • Acute Viral Tx -> Decongestant
  • Hormonal rhinitis -> Pregnancy!
  • Chronic Hypertrophic (except) -> Impaired sense of smell
  • Chronic Hypertrophic (except) -> Anterior + posterior ends...
  • Atrophic (Except) -> common in children
  • Atrophic Rhinitis -> more in males!
  • Atrophic (Tx) -> Adm of Systemic estrogen!
  • Vasomotor -> (None)
  • Hyperplastic -> chemical irritation!
  • Chronic Tx -> Long term use of Topical Decongestant
  • Dry stage of Acute (DON'T give) -> OP Ax!
  • Not used for Dx -> rhinometry
  • Moderate allergic Tx -> local (nasal steroid)

Laryngitis

  • +GERD affects -> VC
  • Chronic Forms -> 3 (cat/atrophic/hypertrophic)
  • TB -> (C)
  • Larynx abd -> (C-A-P)
  • Larynx - (100-1000 HZ)
  • Larynx TB -> All
  • Cancer mts -> Glottis?
  • Cysitis -> any region!

Cyst

  • Larynx -> Any part of it!
  • VC cystitis -> Any region of larynx!
  • Maxillary sinus -> dental origin!

Polyp

  • Ethmoidal polyp -> Idiopathic
  • Ethmoidal polyp -> Rate of recurrence high!
  • Ethmoidal polyp -> multiple + bilateral!
  • Location -> Anterior 1/3
  • A-C polyp -> Single + unilateral
  • Laryngeal polyp -> Both
  • Nasal (except) -> Sensitive to touch

Ménière's Disease

  • Except -> Renner Test -ve
  • Tx -> Shunt operation

VC

  • 1 VC in paramedian -> unilateral incomplete
  • 1 VC in cadaveric -> unilateral incomplete
  • Both VC in paramedian -> bilateral incomplete

Cancer

  • Larynx (False) -> = in both sexes!
  • Larynx -> 3rd + 4th decade!
  • Larynx Sx -> Hoarseness!
  • Larynx site -> glottis!
  • Larynx mts -> hypopharyngeal! / Cervical LN (2Q)
  • Larynx mts -> Cervical LN
  • Commonest Larynx tumor -> Squamous cell Carcinoma
  • Subglottic Cancer (except) -> is Most common Type of cancer...
  • Larynx Stage I + II (atypical) -> Inspiration dyspnea!
  • Larynx recommended -> hemilaryngectomy with Regional LNtomy
  • Larynx Min state of mts -> III
  • VC pathology + Precancer -> Chronic Hypertrophic L + K...
  • Subglottic -> A + D (Respiratory Difficulty + SCC)

Nerve

  • Unilateral Laryngeal Tx -> I + M
  • Unilateral (except) -> cricothyroid
  • Bilateral Tx -> lateralization of VC
  • Bilateral Caused -> Tracheostomy!
  • Superior Laryngeal -> cricothyroid!

Nasal Septum

Abscess -> Traumatic Hematoma!

Rhinosinusitis

  • Acute Tx -> Conservative Tx
  • Chronic -> (2 option: open + something)
  • Not Surgery indication -> preseptal cellulitis!
  • Chronic (NOT) -> Cough!
  • Complication of acute intercranial -> meningitis + epidural abscess!

Otitis Media

  • Supperative sign (except) -> Tragus (+ve)
  • Cause -> Strept / Pn / H Influenza!
  • Acute Sx -> Ear pain, hearing loss, pain!
  • Chronic Tx -> Tympanostomy
  • Secretory -> inflammatory effusion /...
  • Children -> Strepto / Influenza
  • Incision -> Myringotomy / Paracentesis
  • Early acute serous Sx -> Autophony!
  • Acute Sx (newborn) -> B + C
  • Serous (Not) -> bulging ear drum / N + NP are Normal!
  • Acute (False) -> Retracted ear drum
  • Acute Serous (except) -> Nose + Nharynx are N
  • Acute serous (except) -> Purulent discharge present
  • Acute serous Tx (Except) -> Topical Decongestant
  • Purulent otitis complain -> Bad Hearing / crackles.....
  • Middle phase -> purulent discharge)
  • Exudative otitis tympanogram -> Type B
  • Acute otitis NOT perform? -> Audiogram!
  • Exudative characteristic -> TM rupture perforation!
  • Intercranial complication (except) -> Peritonitis!

L Nerve

  • Superior Injury
  • Inferior Injury paralysis (except) -> cricothyroid!

Pharyngitis

Chronic Atrophic Tx -> Both (Oil + Kines)

Laryngitis

Chronic forms -> 3 Catarrhal, atrophic + hypertrophic!

Case

1-5 yo + III palate hypertrophic + OMAS -> Bilateral tonsillectomy!

Sinusitis

  • Maxillary -> middle meatus!
  • Chronic (Not) -> Cough!
  • Headache -> Aggravated by stooping / exertion!
  • Chronic -> > 12 W
  • Not Complication -> Epistaxis!
  • Acute non-complicated (Not) -> Proptosis!

Adenoiditis

  • Except -> (anorexia)
  • 2nd degree -> cover 2/3 choana!
  • Not Sx - (Diarrhea (E))
  • Grades during mirror exam (4)
  • Not Sx -> headache

Tonsillectomy

  • Except (2W)
  • Ind (Pn after Peritonsillar abscess!)
  • Ind (ALL)
  • Ind (All Except C)
  • Ind (freq > 4/year!)
  • Not Ind (Meningitis after Peritonsillar abscess)
  • is (Removal of palatine tonsils)

Epiglottitis

  • Children -> Influenza B
  • Ax of choice -> ampicillin!

Otosclerosis

  • Sx -> intact Tympanic membrane... -> Gradual hearing loss & Tinnitus
  • (except) -> Common in males!
  • Not True -> No Relationship with puberty!
  • Absorption of -> Spongy bone
  • Sx -> Deafness without tinnitus!
  • Audiometry -> Negative Pressure Normal Compliance!

Mucocele

Frontal sinus (except) -> Swelling elastic!

Suppraglottis

-> Fold / Arytenoid!

Tx

-> Ampicillin!

Ménière's Disease

(Except) -> hyperactive caloric response!

Sx -> Cochlear sx before vestibular!

Mastoiditis

  • Acute Types -> ALL
  • Radiological Finding -> All
  • Except -> low Fever / Purulent drainage?
  • Finding in surgical mastoiditis -> erosion of dural sinus!
  • Dx -> Temporal CT
  • Dx (Except) -> X-ray of paranasal sinus!
  • Except -> ↑ Earache!
  • Types -> All
  • Acute (except) -> Auricle is Normal
  • Surgery radio finding -> rarefaction and loss of distinction...
  • X-ray Reveal (COSM) -> sclerotic mastoid!

TMP (Tympanic Membrane Perforation)

Chronic (Not) -> sudden hearing loss!

Normal membrane -> Secretory OM

Tonsillitis

Acute Follicular (Staphylococcus)

Varies

  • Carcinoma -> Glottis!
  • Intubation -> 3-6 days!
  • Intubation (NOT) -> L carcinoma!
  • Mucocele -> Frontal Sinus!
  • Children Hearing -> 0-20!
  • Myringotomy -> bulging stage AOM
  • Hair line otoscopy -> Serous otitis media
  • Congenital anomaly -> aryngomalacia
  • Epiglottis (Long + tube) -> Children
  • Piriform fossa -> Lowest part of laryngopharynx!
  • High pitch -> Short and thick VC

Maxillary Sinus

  • -> Middle
  • Floor -> level of nose!

Myringotomy

  • Ind -> ALL
  • Ind (except) -> Secretory otitis media / Bulbosa
  • As otitis media Indicated -> Stage of exudate!
  • Complication -> All!

Vincent

  • Spirochete
  • -> Ulcerative
  • Tx -> Penicillin
  • Spirochete + fusiform

Left Recurrent

  • (around aorta)
  • (Not cricothyroid)

Diphtheria

  • (Grey membrane)
  • (Toxin..Corynebacterium)
  • Tx (All)
  • Tx (antitoxin)
  • Laryngeal - (Bull neck)

Surgery

  • -> (P cellulitis)
  • -> (O Cellulitis!)
  • Surgery for endoscopic resection -> (endoscopic sinus surgery)

Ind Surgery

S.M.R -> Deviated Septum!

Ozaena

  • Except -> (Not Unilateral!)
  • -> (All)

All/Any

  • Posterior Rhinoscopy
  • Structure of Ethmoid air cells
  • Nasal Turbinate role!
  • Retropharyngeal abscess!
  • Pharyngeal diphtheria include
  • Peritonsillar abscess
  • Fibroma of nasopharynx!
  • Indication for tonsillectomy!
  • Diphtheria Tx (1 of 3 Q)
  • Swelling of Inner orbital reflects:
  • Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)
  • Infection of nose + paranasal sinus
  • Ozena characteristics
  • Complication of Sinus Disease:
  • Choanal Atresia Sx
  • Tonsillectomy Ind
  • Tonsillectomy method management
  • Post Tonsillectomy bleeding provoked!
  • Ax for otitis media
  • Papillomatosis characteristic!
  • Factors for VC closure!
  • Myringotomy Indication:
  • Tx of Ménière's Disease
  • Acute pharyngitis may cause!
  • Ear Wax!
  • Types of Acute mastoiditis
  • Early feature of Acute Otitis media
  • Lateral sinus thrombosis Tx!
  • Acute infective Laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis!
  • True about otitic barotrauma (except)
  • Perforation of nasal septum!
  • Herpangina
  • Ozena
  • Swelling of inner disease include:
  • Complication of sinus disease!
  • Common sx of choanal atresia:

None

  • Olfactory area!
  • Acute follicular tonsillitis!
  • Vasomotor Rhinitis!
  • Tx of Mononucleosis Angina!
  • Cochlear otosclerosis!
  • Internal auditory artery is branch
  • Complication of Myringotomy!
  • Malignant otitis externa!

Abscess

  • Zygomatic -> external auditory canal
  • Bezold -> beneath sternocleidomastoid
  • Mastoid -> post-aural subperiosteal
  • Luc's -> over zygoma!
  • Cerebellar (except) -> head tilt!
  • Retropharyngeal abscess (ALL)
  • Retropharyngeal Except (TB)
  • Parapharyngeal -> Jugular vein thrombosis!
  • Parapharyngeal Except -> (B) Longest!
  • Peritonsillar abscess (except) -> head backward
  • Paratonsillar Tx -> Drainage!
  • Peritonsillar abscess -> in both fossa

True

  • Inferior turbinate is separate bone!
  • Incisors + premolar teeth to max sinus
  • Tonsil + adenoids have Efferent not Afferent!
  • Parapharyngeal abscess -> Necrosis!
  • Parapharyngeal abscess -> thrombosis of Internal jugular vein!
  • Peritonsillar abscess..Diffuse, Tender, swelling!
  • Osteomas are most common benign tumor
  • Maxillary sinus carcinoma, rarely produces Sx!
  • Most serious complication of maxillary antral wash is embolism!
  • Each fiber of auditory nerve ends in one inner cell...
  • Tegmen Tympani separates the attic!

False

  • VC have no LN
  • Middle turbinate is separate bone!
  • Laryngeal Cancer is not equal in both Sexes!
  • Inflammation / Trauma of olfactory area...temp smell loss
  • Septal hematoma causes one side swelling!
  • Unilateral nasal discharge is Vasomotor rhinitis
  • Malignant tumor from posterior-superior part
  • Deafness is rarely produced by lesion in cortex
  • Tympanic plexus supplies the tensor tympani muscle

Coryza

  • -> viral infection
  • Organism -> Rhinovirus
  • Prolonged -> Streptococci!

Important Nerves

Vagus + L Sup + L Rec

Recurrent Laryngeal

  • -> Around aorta
  • -> NOT supplies 'Cricothyroid'
  • -> supplies ABDUCTORS
  • Tx -> C + M
  • Not Motor -> Posterior cricoarytenoid

Superior Laryngeal

Injury -> Cricothyroid!

Retropharyngeal Abscess

  • Except -> TB
  • -> All of the above!

Parapharyngeal Abscess (Except)

-> Jugular vein thrombosis!!

**Retropharyngeal abscess:
-Except---->Tb in nature!
**Diphteria:
-Tx---->pencillin systemic
-Tx---->All
**Larungeal superior:
-Adductors!

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