Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis: Human Gamete Formation
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Ova Formation (Oogenesis)
Oogenesis takes place in the ovaries:
- Stage one: Females develop immature ova when they are embryos inside their mother's womb. These ova are surrounded by cells called follicles. The ova stop developing until puberty.
- Stage two: After puberty and until menopause, in cycles of approximately 28 days, one follicle grows, the ovum matures, and the ovum leaves the ovary (ovulation).
Formation of Spermatozoa (Spermatogenesis)
Spermatogenesis occurs in the male reproductive tract:
- It occurs in the walls of the seminiferous tubules, which contain germ cells that multiply.
- Spermatozoa move to the lumen of the tubule and mature.
Female Reproductive System: Functions and Parts
Functions
- Manufactures female gametes (ova).
- Provides a place for fertilization.
- Allows the development of the new individual.
- Produces sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone).
Parts
- Ovaries: Glands that produce ova and sex hormones.
- External genitalia (vulva):
- Labia (majora and minora): Protect the urethra and vagina.
- Clitoris: Provides pleasure.
- Genital tracts:
- Fallopian tubes: Connect the ovaries to the uterus. They catch the ova and transport it to the uterus; fertilization takes place here.
- Uterus (womb): Place where the embryo develops. The inner lining is the endometrium.
- Cervix: Lower part of the uterus that connects with the vagina.
- Vagina: Elastic tube where spermatozoa are deposited.
Ova: Structure and Parts
- Ova are large, spherical, immobile cells that contain hereditary information from the mother.
- Parts:
- Nucleus: Contains genetic information.
- Cytoplasm: Contains nutritional substances and three membranes: the vitelline membrane, the zona pellucida, and the corona radiata.
Ova Formation (Oogenesis) — Repeat
Oogenesis takes place in the ovaries:
- Stage one: Females develop immature ova when they are embryos inside their mother's womb. These ova are surrounded by cells called follicles. The ova stop developing until puberty.
- Stage two: After puberty and until menopause, in cycles of approximately 28 days, one follicle grows, the ovum matures, and the ovum leaves the ovary (ovulation).