Oceanography & Meteorology: Core Concepts Explained
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Water Properties and Ocean Chemistry
Water's High Heat Capacity
21. Coastal Climate Moderation
Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?
Answer: A) High heat capacity.
22. Water's Heat Capacity Compared to Other Liquids
In comparison to most other liquids, the heat capacity of water is:
Answer: A) Higher than other liquids.
Seawater Composition and Buffering
23. Principle of Constant Proportions
The Principle of Constant Proportions states that:
Answer: D) The relative concentration of seawater ions does not change.
25. Seawater Buffer Ion
The ion in seawater that serves as a buffer is:
Answer: D) HCO3-.
Water Phase Changes
24. Temperature Change During Ice Melting
A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure water at 0°C. What happens to the temperature of the mixture as heat is added?
Answer: A) It remains constant until the ice melts, then it begins to rise.
Salinity, Density, and Pycnocline
26. Salinity and Seawater Density
As the salinity of seawater increases, its:
Answer: D) Density decreases.
27. Rapid Ocean Density Change
A rapid change in ocean density with change in depth is the:
Answer: D) Pycnocline.
Hydrogen Bonds in Water
28. Characteristics of Hydrogen Bonds
Hydrogen bonds:
Answer: E) All of the above are true of hydrogen bonds in water.
Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions and Climate
Oceanic Residence Time
29. Definition of Residence Time
Residence time:
Answer: A) Is the average length of time that substances reside in the ocean.
Solar Radiation and Earth's Energy Balance
30. Wavelength of Emitted Radiation
With respect to incoming solar radiation, radiation emitted back into the atmosphere has:
Answer: E) A longer wavelength.
31. Solar Radiation Absorbed by Earth
The percentage of solar radiation absorbed by the Earth's oceans and landmasses is about:
Answer: E) 50%.
32. Energy Balance Between Latitudes
With respect to the amount of energy absorbed by the atmosphere, the amount of energy radiated back into space between 35°N and 40°S latitudes is:
Answer: B) About the same as the amount of energy absorbed by the atmosphere.
Global Climate Zones and Atmospheric Circulation
33. Location of the Tropic of Capricorn
The Tropic of Capricorn is located at:
Answer: D) 23.5°S latitude.
34. The Coriolis Effect
The deflection of air masses to the right or left (depending on latitude) as they move from one latitude to another is called the:
Answer: B) Coriolis Effect.
35. Cold Front Definition
A cold air mass moving into an area occupied by relatively warm air is called a(n):
Answer: B) Cold front.
36. The Doldrums and ITCZ
The doldrums refer to the same region as the:
Answer: C) Intertropical Convergence Zone.
37. Temperate Region Winds
The temperate regions are characterized by:
Answer: C) Westerly winds.
38. Wind Deflection in Southern Hemisphere
Winds blowing from the north in the Southern Hemisphere will appear to:
Answer: A) Be deflected toward the east.
Extreme Weather: Hurricanes
39. Hurricane Strength Scale
The strength of a hurricane is ranked from 1 to 5 on the:
Answer: C) Saffir-Simpson Scale.