Nutrition and Dietary Guidelines: Key Facts
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Key Facts on Nutrition and Dietary Guidelines
42. In the case of basic amino acids, such as alanine, the body *lacks* synthesis mechanisms to address the needs. False
43. In myocardial infarction, a soft diet is recommended because it is easily digestible, *not* involving a remarkable effort. True
44. Involuntary feeding is conscious and includes all activities aimed at obtaining food. False
45. Type II diabetes usually occurs in individuals older than 35-40 years and is associated with resistance to the action of insulin. True
46. The raw fiber that is ingested in uncooked vegetables, would be the same as the total ingested fiber if those same vegetables were cooked. False
47. Fructose is a *monosaccharide*, and its main nutritional interest is that its intake does not alter glycemia as much as other sugars. True
48. Fiber intake has a protective effect against the development of colon cancer. True
49. The majority of foods contain allergenic proteins. False
50. The recommendation for fat intake in the general population is around 30% of total calories, although for sedentary populations it is reduced to 20-25%. True
51. Saturated fatty acids have a hypercholesterolemic character, except for stearic acid. True
52. Prebiotics are compounds that favor the growth of *beneficial* microflora in the body, not pathogenic microflora. False
53. An omega-3 fatty acid has a double bond in position 3 *from the methyl end*, not the carboxyl end. False
54. One of the properties of fiber, particularly in slimming regimes, is that it traps grease and hinders its absorption. True
55. Reducing the intake of carbohydrates and fat will *allow* the use of protein for the production of energy in acute renal failure. False
56. The consumption of a large liquid volume is a significantly effective preventive treatment that manages to reduce the recurrence rate of kidney stones. True
57. The treatment of hyperoxaluria is based on *avoiding* intake of foods high in oxalate. True
58. The quality of a protein is assessed taking into account its digestibility, corrected for the value of the limiting amino acid. True
59. Nitrogen excretion in urine is the main source of nitrogen lost by the body. True
60. The colonic flora can be modified by eating foods containing *probiotics*, not prebiotics. True
61. *Lactobacillus* and *Bifidobacterium* are the main *probiotics*, not prebiotics. False
62. The recommendations of protein in the diet are in the order of 0.7-1g/kg body *weight per day*, not per week. False
63. Vitamins are essential *organic* compounds that act as catalysts or coenzymes for metabolic reactions. False
64. Oils and margarines are sources of vitamin E. True
65. Biotin is a vitamin synthesized by the intestinal flora. True
66. Starchy foods are potentially *alkaline* or have alkaline residues. False
67. Prebiotics are *non-digestible food ingredients* with beneficial effects on the host, not microbial food supplements. False
68. For the treatment of diarrhea, an astringent diet is recommended, with *decreased* fiber intake, *avoiding* plenty of milk and *easily digestible* foods. False
69. To treat uric acid stones, it is recommended to raise the urine pH to 6.0 or 6.5 *by* eating a diet rich in alkaline residue. *False, it should say "alkalinize"*.
70. All proteins ingested by the newborn *do not escape* digestion and are *not* absorbed in the intestine entirely. *False, some proteins are absorbed intact*.
71. Antibiotics, preservatives, and antioxidants are examples of common food additives. True
72. The nutritional status of an individual reflects the degree to which physiological needs for nutrients are met. True
73. Cooking nutritionally *impoverishes* food, but can improve digestibility. False
74. In the usual diet, 4 to 6 grams of sodium are consumed. True
75. In a low-salt diet, the intake of instant purees, soups, and bouillon cubes is *not* recommended, and the patient should not add salt on their own. True