Nutrition and Dietary Guidelines: Key Facts

Key Facts on Nutrition and Dietary Guidelines

42. In the case of basic amino acids, such as alanine, the body *lacks* synthesis mechanisms to address the needs. False

43. In myocardial infarction, a soft diet is recommended because it is easily digestible, *not* involving a remarkable effort. True

44. Involuntary feeding is conscious and includes all activities aimed at obtaining food. False

45. Type II diabetes usually occurs in individuals older than 35-40 years and is associated with resistance to the action of insulin. True

46. The raw fiber that is ingested in uncooked vegetables, would be the same as the total ingested fiber if those same vegetables were cooked. False

47. Fructose is a *monosaccharide*, and its main nutritional interest is that its intake does not alter glycemia as much as other sugars. True

48. Fiber intake has a protective effect against the development of colon cancer. True

49. The majority of foods contain allergenic proteins. False

50. The recommendation for fat intake in the general population is around 30% of total calories, although for sedentary populations it is reduced to 20-25%. True

51. Saturated fatty acids have a hypercholesterolemic character, except for stearic acid. True

52. Prebiotics are compounds that favor the growth of *beneficial* microflora in the body, not pathogenic microflora. False

53. An omega-3 fatty acid has a double bond in position 3 *from the methyl end*, not the carboxyl end. False

54. One of the properties of fiber, particularly in slimming regimes, is that it traps grease and hinders its absorption. True

55. Reducing the intake of carbohydrates and fat will *allow* the use of protein for the production of energy in acute renal failure. False

56. The consumption of a large liquid volume is a significantly effective preventive treatment that manages to reduce the recurrence rate of kidney stones. True

57. The treatment of hyperoxaluria is based on *avoiding* intake of foods high in oxalate. True

58. The quality of a protein is assessed taking into account its digestibility, corrected for the value of the limiting amino acid. True

59. Nitrogen excretion in urine is the main source of nitrogen lost by the body. True

60. The colonic flora can be modified by eating foods containing *probiotics*, not prebiotics. True

61. *Lactobacillus* and *Bifidobacterium* are the main *probiotics*, not prebiotics. False

62. The recommendations of protein in the diet are in the order of 0.7-1g/kg body *weight per day*, not per week. False

63. Vitamins are essential *organic* compounds that act as catalysts or coenzymes for metabolic reactions. False

64. Oils and margarines are sources of vitamin E. True

65. Biotin is a vitamin synthesized by the intestinal flora. True

66. Starchy foods are potentially *alkaline* or have alkaline residues. False

67. Prebiotics are *non-digestible food ingredients* with beneficial effects on the host, not microbial food supplements. False

68. For the treatment of diarrhea, an astringent diet is recommended, with *decreased* fiber intake, *avoiding* plenty of milk and *easily digestible* foods. False

69. To treat uric acid stones, it is recommended to raise the urine pH to 6.0 or 6.5 *by* eating a diet rich in alkaline residue. *False, it should say "alkalinize"*.

70. All proteins ingested by the newborn *do not escape* digestion and are *not* absorbed in the intestine entirely. *False, some proteins are absorbed intact*.

71. Antibiotics, preservatives, and antioxidants are examples of common food additives. True

72. The nutritional status of an individual reflects the degree to which physiological needs for nutrients are met. True

73. Cooking nutritionally *impoverishes* food, but can improve digestibility. False

74. In the usual diet, 4 to 6 grams of sodium are consumed. True

75. In a low-salt diet, the intake of instant purees, soups, and bouillon cubes is *not* recommended, and the patient should not add salt on their own. True