Nietzsche's Philosophy: Will to Power, Eternal Return
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Zarathustra's Message
1. Will to Power
Nietzsche tried to compensate for his poor health with a strong will to live. For Nietzsche, the world, man, and life are will to power. His will to power is the willingness to be more, live longer, and, if surpassed, will ultimately create. He became increasingly interested in moral values, so his will to power is a will to create new values, ranging totally against the traditional vitalist values. Nietzsche is a philosopher; the only thing for him is his life, a finite life.
2. Eternal Return
This is the main theme of Zarathustra. The real world is our world; if the world had a purpose or an end state, we would have achieved it. Those who defend the existence of an earthly world and give us hope are nothing more than (for Nietzsche) poisoners. The eternal return states the future of Heraclitus and the value of life. Nietzsche believes that everything is good and justifiable from a certain viewpoint. Nietzsche's philosophy is a philosophy of "yes," but apparently, it denies everything; it only denies what he considers negative.
3. Transvaluation of Values
Humanity has been assessed so far; everything is opposed to life, and the morals of the time correspond to a diseased spirit. The objective is, therefore, to reverse the values and appreciate and affirm life. Nietzsche considered himself an immoralist because he sought to recover primitive innocence, beyond good and evil.
4. Superman
The Superman of whom Zarathustra speaks is a new man, but a moral one. He contrasts his Superman with the last man, who is the most worthless, unable to despise himself. Nietzsche knew that his proposal of the Superman would not be understood by most; that is why the subtitle is: "A book for everyone." He states that Superman is the result of the evolution of three previous sentences: the spirit goes to the camel, who obeys orders; this evolves into the lion, who wants to win freedom and discard the old values; and finally, the lion must become a child who has innocence beyond good or evil. The Superman sums up Nietzsche's message, and the condition for his appearance is the death of God.