Nietzsche's Critique: Natural vs. Unnatural Morality

Unnatural Morality: The morality of the weak and resentful, affirming a higher world to which we must sacrifice in this life. It arises in opposition to natural morality, which is based on the desire for power and the value of earthly life. Unnatural morality, born of resentment, seeks to make virtue of its defects. All morality that demands sacrifice and mortification in this life to earn another in the hereafter is an unnatural morality.

Traditional morality has fallen into the following errors:

• Moral Dogmatism: Considering moral values as objective and universal, forgetting that we are the ones who believe in them.
• Anti-Vitalism: Enacting laws that go against the main trends of life. Nietzsche argues that this is the morality of resentment against instincts and the natural world.
• Intellectualism: The assertion that knowledge leads to virtue, making the sage the ideal model of man. Nietzsche harshly criticizes this ideal and advocates for the development of the instinctive life of man.

Nietzsche called healthy morality that which is governed by the instinct of life and leads us towards a fulfilling way of life. Natural morality affirms the mere existence of this life and encourages living it fully. The healthy moral man is superior.

Apparent vs. Real World

Nietzsche addresses the division of reality into two worlds established by metaphysics and religion: a true upper world (the world of ideas) and a lower world with a lower degree of reality (the sensible world). The being of things is supersensible, and becoming is mere appearance. Nietzsche calls this division Platonism, referring to any theory for which reality is divided. This includes the ontological dualism that has been installed in all of philosophy. This vision is exemplified in Christianity, "Platonism for the people," because what is valuable lies beyond this life, within a transcendent moral ideal, and in Western science, which seeks an objective and universal description of sensory phenomena.

Nietzsche believes that this division must be reversed, considering the real world to be what has hitherto been regarded as the apparent world, and the false and nonexistent world to be what has hitherto been regarded as the top and true world. His philosophy is the most radical attempt in the history of thought to overcome the ontology torn between being and becoming: the existence of an irrational world devoid of transcendent meaning, life. Nietzsche offers us a world that is truly real, based on three assumptions:

1. Being is becoming.
2. Knowledge is expressed in metaphors.
3. The purpose of life is its own affirmation.