Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Health
Classified in Biology
Written on in 
English with a size of 2.72 KB
Divisions of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Consists of the brain and spinal cord. It is responsible for receiving and processing information to control bodily functions.
Peripheral Nervous System
Consists of a set of nerves that connect the central nervous system with other organs of the body.
Components of the Central Nervous System
The brain is housed in the skull. The main parts are the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the medulla oblongata.
The Cerebrum
Appears divided into two hemispheres. The outer part consists of gray matter that receives information from sense organs. The inner zone contains white matter.
The Cerebellum
Located below the cerebrum. The cerebellum coordinates movements such as walking and allows us to maintain balance.
The Medulla Oblongata
Connects the brain to the top of the spinal cord. Automatically controls important body functions.
The Spinal Cord
It is housed inside the spinal column. The outer part consists of white matter and gray matter is deeper inside.
Types of Nerves
Sensory Nerves
Carry information from sense organs and viscera to the central nervous system.
Motor Nerves
Carry commands from the central nervous system to muscles and organs responsible for carrying out a response.
Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
Includes the nerves that connect the skeletal muscles with the central nervous system. It is responsible for voluntary acts such as writing or walking.
Autonomic Nervous System
Consists of the nerves connecting the viscera to the central nervous system. It regulates involuntary functions.
Factors Affecting the Nervous System
Physical Alterations (Organic Transport)
These are physical changes or damage within the organs of the nervous system.
Traumatic Brain Injury (Hits)
These can cause irreversible damage to the brain.
Psychic Disorders
Conditions like anxiety or depression are alterations in the functioning of the nervous system.
Glucose Regulation
Glucose levels are controlled by two hormones secreted by the pancreas: insulin and glucagon.
Substances Affecting the Nervous System
Depressants
These substances act on the central nervous system, producing a sedative effect.
Narcotics
These are very harmful substances that generate a strong dependence.
Stimulants
These stimulate the central nervous system, creating a euphoric sensation and delaying the onset of fatigue.
Hallucinogens
These substances produce hallucinations and a feeling of unreality.