Musculoskeletal System, Resistance, Speed, and Training

Musculoskeletal System

The musculoskeletal system is a set of organs that allow you to move the body and maintain its position. It includes the osteoarticular system and other elements that have the ability to produce movement, such as the muscular system.

Parts of the Osteoarticular System

• Bones: Hard and static parts, consisting of living tissue. Their external shape varies; they may be short, flat, or long. They perform four functions:
  • Sustainability
  • Protection
  • Movement
  • Metabolic
• Joints: Areas of contact between two or more bones. The mobility of the bones depends on the type of link they have. They can be:
  • No movement (synarthrosis)
  • Little mobility (joint plane)
  • One axis of movement (hinge joint)
  • Two axes of movement (condyloid joint)
  • Three axes of movement (ball-and-socket joint)

Resistance

Resistance is the ability that allows us to maintain physical effort for a long time and recover faster after performing physical activity.

Types of Resistance

• Anaerobic Pathways: The muscle does not have enough oxygen.
  • Anaerobic Alactic: ATP is obtained from phosphocreatine stored in muscle.
  • Anaerobic Lactic: Uses carbohydrates and fats; a process involving oxygen. Can be used for prolonged periods.
• Aerobic Pathway: ATP is produced from carbohydrates and fats; a process involving oxygen. Can be used for prolonged periods.

Training Systems

• Continuous Systems: Those by which a determined effort is made without any pause. We can work from different methods, such as continuous running, fartlek, and total training.
• Fractionated Systems: Those that are characterized by dividing the training load into parts, with pauses for recovery, including interval methods and repetition.
• Mixed Systems: Those that relate continuous systems and releases. They work mainly through circuits.

Speed

Speed is the ability to perform one or more movements in the shortest possible time.

Biomechanics is the science of regular movement.

Speed Classes

• Contractility: The ability to contract the muscle fiber in the shortest possible time. Key factors that influence contractility include:
  • Strength or ability to create tension: The rate of contraction will be greater the less resistance.
  • Frequency and intensity of stimulus: Frequency and intensity over the excitation will enable a greater number of fast fibers.
  • Increased local temperature: Improving the functional condition of the muscle fiber by increased blood flow due to dilation of the arteries and veins.
• Reaction: The time that elapses from stimulus onset until the execution of muscle contraction. There are two classes:
  • Simple Reaction Time: Determined by measuring the time between the presentation of a stimulus and the execution of an action or response known.
  • Discriminative Reaction Time: The person has to choose, according to the stimulus, between different possible answers.
• Displacement: The ability to traverse a short distance in the shortest time possible.