Morphosyntactic, Phonic, and Lexical-Semantic Resources

Morphosyntactic Resources

• Anaphora: Repetition of a word at the beginning of each verse.
• Parallelism: Repetition of structures.
• Anadiplosis: Repetition of the last word at the end and beginning of a verse.
• Concatenation: Several anadiplosis in a row.
• Epanadiplosis: Repetition of a word at the beginning and end of the verse.
• Pun: Repetition of words by reversing the order.
• Chiasmus: Repetition in which there is a cross-distribution of elements in the same structure.
• Hyperbaton: Changing the natural order of a sentence.
• Pun: Repetition of words that sound alike, and at least one of which is composed of two terms.
• Epithet: Adjective that expresses a quality of the accompanying noun.
• Pleonasm: Redundancy through repetition, i.e., adding unnecessary terms.
• Enumeration: Expression of a number of successive terms whose elements must belong to the same grammatical category.

Phonic Resources

• Alliteration: Repetition of one or more sounds very close.
• Onomatopoeia: Intent to imitate real sounds.
• Paronomasia: Repetition of very similar-sounding words.

Lexical-Semantic Resources

• Simile: Comparing two terms with a particle such as "as well as".
• Metaphor: Substitution of the name of a reality by the name of another to which it appears.
• Allegory: Chained metaphors that describe imaginary facts corresponding to real facts.
• Synonymy: Sequence of continuous or near synonyms.
• Synesthesia: Union of two realities that are perceived by different senses.
• Metonymy: Designation of a reality with the name of another that is related.
• Symbol: Expression referring to another reality.
• Hyperbole: Excessive exaggeration.
• Litotes: To deny otherwise is to state what is desired.
• Synecdoche: A particular type of metonymy that is the substitution of the name of one part by the whole.
• Personification: Attribution of human qualities to inanimate or unreal beings.
• Antithesis: Opposition of two opposites.
• Paradox: Expression of a thought that seems absurd.
• Gradation: Enumeration in ascending or descending order.

Literary Topics

• Colliege, virgo, rosas: A call for women to enjoy their youth before old age.
• Beatus ille: Contempt for material goods and praise of life away from social events.
• Golden mean: Advises to be placed in the middle.
• Locus amoenus: Description of a beautiful landscape.
• Ubi sunt?: The poet wonders about the whereabouts of those who have died.