Modernismo literario: Generación del 98, Rubén Darío y Noucentisme

Modernismo en la literatura en lengua española

In Spanish-language literature, the term modernism denotes a literary movement that developed between the years 1880 and 1910, primarily in the field of poetry. It is characterized by an ambiguous creative rebellion, narcissistic and aristocratic refinement, cosmopolitan culturalism, and a major renovation and aesthetics of language known as modernismo métrico. It is the Hispanic form of the universal crisis of letters and spirit and is manifested in art, science, religion and politics. In some ways, echoes are perceived in later movements and currents. At the root of Modernism there is a deep disagreement with bourgeois civilization.

Características del modernismo

• Renovación estética y preocupación por la forma y el ritmo.
• Culturalismo cosmopolita y búsqueda de belleza aristocrática.
• Rebeldía creativa con rasgos narcisistas y elitistas.
• Influencia en poesía y en otras artes y en el pensamiento.

La Generación del 98

La Generación del 98 is the name traditionally used for a group of writers, essayists and Spanish poets who were deeply affected by the moral crisis and social consequences in Spain after the military defeat in the war with the United States and the loss of Puerto Rico, Cuba and the Philippines in 1898. All authors and major poets included within this generation were born between 1864 and 1876.

Rubén Darío

Félix Rubén García Sarmiento, known as Rubén Darío (Metapa, now Ciudad Darío, department of Matagalpa, Nicaragua; January 18, 1867 – León, February 6, 1916) was a Nicaraguan poet and a leader of Spanish-language literary Modernism. He is possibly the poet who has had the greatest and most lasting influence on twentieth-century poetry in the Hispanic world.

Noucentisme, the Generation of '14 or the Vanguard movements are generic names for literary aesthetics mainly comprising a set of mostly essayist authors located between the Generation of '98 and the Generation of '27.

Noucentisme (movimiento catalán)

The term noucentisme was coined by Eugeni d'Ors. Catalan noucentisme authors drew inspiration from the Renaissance and intended to raise Catalan culture to a European level. They sought beauty and formal perfection, with a taste for archaic words, classical references and harmonious rhythms. Although a distinct group consciousness existed, they share overlapping features with other movements, most notably a high intellectual development (doctrinal writing such as books and essays), a marked Europeanism which, unlike the noventayochista tendency, gave precedence to Castilian references, a constant obsession for a work "just right"—free from improvisation—and great care of form.

La Generación del 27

The so-called Generación del 27 was a constellation of writers who became known on the Spanish cultural scene around 1927, with the tribute given to the poet Luis de Góngora at the Ateneo de Sevilla, an event that brought together many of the authors normally seen as its members. Currently all members of the Generation of '27 are deceased; the last to die was Rafael Alberti on October 28, 1999.