Mixtures, Compounds, and Separation Methods
Classified in Chemistry
Written at on 
English with a size of 2.62 KB.
Mixtures and Compounds
A mixture is a material system made up of two or more different substances which are mixed but not combined chemically.
Types of Mixtures
- Heterogeneous: The components are visibly diverse.
- Homogeneous: The components are uniformly distributed, appearing as a single substance.
Basic Chemical Concepts
- Phase: A physically distinct form of matter, such as a solid, liquid, or gas.
- Element: A substance that is made up of only one type of atom.
Changes of State
- Melting Point: The temperature at which a solid melts. The particles gain energy, vibrate faster, and eventually move around, becoming a liquid.
- Boiling Point: The temperature at which a liquid boils. The particles gain energy, move faster, break free, and become a gas.
Tests for Gases
- Oxygen: A glowing splint relights.
- Hydrogen: A lit splint produces a pop sound.
Separation Methods for Heterogeneous Mixtures
| Method | What It's Used For |
|---|---|
| Filtration | Separating a solid from a liquid |
| Sieving | Separating solids with different sized particles |
| Centrifuging | Separating a solid and a liquid |
| Magnet | Separating a magnetic metal from a mixture |
| Decanting | Separating a solid and a liquid |
| Separating Funnel | Separating two liquids that don't mix (immiscible liquids) |
Separation Methods for Homogeneous Mixtures
| Method | What It's Used For |
|---|---|
| Evaporation | Obtaining a dissolved solid from a solution |
| Distillation | Separating the liquid from a solution |
| Fractional Distillation | Separating a mixture of different liquids that fully mix |
| Chromatography | Separating different dissolved substances |
Key Terms
- Colorless: Having no color.
- Odorless: Having no smell.
- Pure Substance: A sample of matter with both definite and constant composition.
- Soluble: Dissolves easily in water.
- Insoluble: Not capable of being dissolved.
- Immiscible: Incapable of mixing.