Mediterranean, Atlantic, and Baltic Trade Routes in Medieval Europe

mediterranean route:

Spanish or Italian towns to Islamic and Byzantine ports, imported luxury, perfumes, silks, porcelain.

atlantic and baltic routes:

Portuguese, Cantabria, Germany, Russia: Spanish and English wood, French wine, English tin, leather.

guild:

Artisans of the same trade formed craft guilds, they have strict laws.

romanesque :

Fisrt appearance in France, Italy, became an international style in 11th and 12th century, churches, cathedrals, monasteries made of stone, human representation: figures were rigid, unrealistic, Romanesque sculptures were polychrome, they were painted in bright colors.

gothic:

Began in France and spread widely from the second half of the 12th century, developed when cities were expanded, civil buildings, cathedrals, illumination.

almoaravids.

Crossed to Iberian Peninsula in 1086, they took over most of Taifas states, they won some victories over the Christians.

almohads:

Successor of the Almoaravids in North Africa, and crossed over 1147, they conquered the Taifas.