Medieval Urban Development and Cultural Movements

CAMINO DE SANTIAGO

pilgrimage route which continue existing, it became a major pilgrimage route in 11th century because of the invasion of Europe.

PRE-ROMANESQUE ART

period in European art, which emerged from Carolingian Renaissance in the late 8th to 11th century.

RENAISSANCE OF URBAN LIFE

began in the 11th century, the population grew and new population centers developed in ancient Roman cities or in new cities.

BOROUGHS

new neighborhoods for craftsmen and merchants, they were also surrounded by walls, these new parts or cities appeared since the 11th century.

BOURGEOISIE

people who live in the borough and became a new social group, formed by aristocracy and traders.

URBAN ARISTOCRACY

the route of the richest families in a medieval city, they belonged to the bourgeoisie. Since the 11th century, they were much wealthier than the rest and they gained political power.

GUILDS

associations of artisans from the same trade, living in the same street and cooperating to control production by means of avoiding competition: work hours, prices, quality, sick, widows, orphans.

FAIRS

markets for long-distance trade, they developed with urban renaissance.

MEDITERRANEAN ROUTE

trade route which connected the main cities in the Mediterranean Sea, those cities were Venice, Pisa, Barcelona, and Florence.

HANSA/HANSEATIC LEAGUE

trade association by several northern European cities founded in 1358, cooperating to foster trade and fight piracy.

UNIVERSITY

high education centers which appeared in the 11th century, precedents were from urban schools, first were found in Paris, Oxford, and Bologna.

HOLY LAND

region called Palestine, it is called like that because Jesus Christ lived there.

CRUSADES

military expeditions to expel Muslims from the Holy Land, from the 11th to 13th century, were promoted due to religious and demographic reasons.

HERESY

doctrines contrary to the official teachings of the Catholic Church, to combat the church created a court of inquisition.

COURT OF INQUISITION

tribunal created in 1230 by the Catholic Church which tried to suggest crimes against faith apart from combating heresies.

MENDICANT ORDER

groups of monks who lived in cities and made a living by means of teaching, the most important were Franciscans and Dominicans.

GOTHIC ART

artistic style developed in Western Europe between the 12th and 15th century, associated with the Renaissance development of cities.