Mastering Text Organization and Summarization

1st. Point out the organization of the ideas of the text. A written statement of the question (Organization of the ideas of the text) should be distinguished, indicating the main idea of the proposed text and secondary or less important ideas (avoiding any purely anecdotal ideas). This should be written as a noun phrase (with its nucleus, its determinants, its adjacent appositions or your name) and not as a prayer. The main idea is what must be explained later. Authors use resources relating primarily to narrative and description to organize their texts:

• Narrative refers to matters, facts, or issues through exhibition, explanation, and argument:
  • Exposition is limited to expressing or presenting a specific question in depth.
  • Explanation deepens a specific fact. This usually consists of an introduction or approach, a development, and a conclusion or consequence.
  • Argument contains the reasoning of a specific topic, either by deduction or by induction:
    • With the deductive method, one starts from a general principle to extract the particular elements that compose it.
    • With the inductive method, one starts from some special items to arrive at the general principle it contains.
• Description identifies the external or physical characteristics of characters and places. With characterization, however, the internal or psychological traits of characters are shown. The combination of description and characterization of a character makes their portrait.

2nd. Enter the subject and write a summary of the text. Once the wording of the question (topic) is transcribed, collect precisely the fundamental idea among the main ideas, by way of a "brief summary," drawn with a segment of syntax: a noun or a prepositional phrase (with their cores, determinants, adjacent appositions, or additions to the name). Do not paraphrase the text (do not use the same words or the words of the text), eliminating introductions such as "This text is...", questions, exclamations, ellipses, and even changes to titles (literature, film, television, etc.). After transcribing the wording of the question (Summary), draft it using a compound sentence, not very long (a few lines), including directly and without any introductions the main ideas described in the text: the most important idea as a sentence, which should match the theme and assignment, and the other less important ideas, which are located before and after the main clause, and subordinate clauses (introduced by subordinating elements or built with the personal forms of the verb, which provide syntactic complexity). It is interesting not to paraphrase the text, avoiding introductions like "The text is...", questions, exclamations, ellipses, and, if possible, juxtaposed or coordinated sentences (which are less representative of a cultural language than subordinate clauses).