Mastering Reported Speech and Travel Vocabulary

Mastering Reported Speech

Tense Changes in Reported Speech

• Present Simple --- Past Simple (did, -ed, saw,...)
• Present Continuous --- Past Continuous (was/were +ing)
• Past Simple --- Past Perfect Simple (had studied)
• Present Perfect Simple (have seen) --- Past Perfect Simple
• Will --- Would
• Can --- Could
• May --- Might
• Must / Have to --- Had to

Word Changes in Reported Speech

• Now --- Then
• Today --- That day
• Yesterday --- The day before
• Tonight --- That night
• Tomorrow --- The next day
• Two months ago --- Two months before
• Last week --- The previous week
• Next year --- The following year

Reported Statements

Subject + reporting verb + (that) + subject + verb

He said (that) he was planning to take a gap year after university.

Reported Questions (Yes/No Questions)

Subject + reporting verb + whether/ if + subject + verb

Julia asked if/ whether we recycled all our glass bottles.

Reported Questions (Wh- Questions)

Subject + reporting verb + wh-word + subject + verb

Ben asked how we were going to travel to the festival.

Reported Commands and Requests

Subject + reporting verb + object + (not) to + infinitive

The organizers told/asked us not to leave any trash behind.

Suggestions

Subject + reporting verb + (not) + -ing

Elena suggested sharing a car instead of going individually.

Essential Travel Vocabulary

Travel Items

• Backpack: mochila
• Beach bag: bolsa de playa
• Beach towel: toalla de playa
• Sleeping bag: saco de dormir
• Suitcase: maleta
• Sun cream: crema del sol

People and Places

• Camper: campista
• Countryside: campo
• Guidebook: guía de viajes
• Holidaymakers: turista
• Seaside resort: ciudad de verano
• Sightseers: turista

Verbs and Phrases

• Get off: salir, irse, librarse
• Get on: llevarse, subir
• Hire: alquilar
• Hitchhike: hacer autostop
• Set off: ponerse en camino, encender
• Chronicle: crónica
• Evocative: evocar
• Parody: parodia
• Satirize: satirizar
• Travelogue: documental sobre viajes
• Airfare: precio del pasaje
• Airline: línea aérea
• Exchange rate: tipo de cambio
• Exchange trip: cambiar el viaje
• Guideline: pauta, directriz
• Travel sickness: mareo
• Travel agent: agencia de viajes
• Choose between: elegir entre
• Complain about: quejarse de algo
• Learn about: saber de
• Pay for: pagar por
• Queue for: hacer cola para algo
• Worry about: preocuparse