Mastering Reported Speech & Essential Vocabulary
Classified in English
Written on in 
English with a size of 7.14 KB
VOCABULARY
Adv (+) | loyally | respectfully | equally | honestly | kindly |
Adj (+) | loyal | respectful | equal | honest | kind |
Noun (+) | loyalty | respect | equality | honesty | kindness |
Noun (-) | disloyalty | disrespect | inequality | dishonesty | unkindness |
Adj (-) | disloyal | disrespectful | inequal | dishonest | unkind |
Adv (-) | disloyally | disrespectfully |
| dishonestly | unkindly |
REPORTED SPEECH
TENSE CHANGES
DIRECT SPEECH | REPORTED SPEECH |
|---|---|
Present simple | Past simple |
Present continuous | Past continuous |
Present perfect simple | Past perfect simple |
Past simple | Past perfect simple |
Past perfect simple | Past perfect simple |
am/is/are going to | was/were going to |
‘I love Thai food.’ → She said she loved Thai food.
‘They had already eaten when their dad arrived.’ → She said that they had already eaten when theid dad arrived. (past perfect doesn’t change)
TIME EXPRESSIONS
DIRECT SPEECH | REPORTED SPEECH |
|---|---|
now | then, at the moment |
today | that day |
tonight | that night |
this (morning/week/month/year) | that (morning/week/month/year) |
yesterday | the day before |
last (week/month/year) | the (week/month/year) before |
(two days/a year) ago | (two days/a year) earlier |
tomorrow | the next/following day |
next (week) | the next/following (week) |
PLACE EXPRESSIONS
DIRECT SPEECH | REPORTED SPEECH |
|---|---|
this | that |
these | those |
here | there |
SAY & TELL Same meaning — different use
SAY Say something to somebody
Verb pattern → 2 objects: the content of the message (something) [+ to + person (somebody)]
ex.: They said (that) they had done some research.--> content (something) of the message
TELL
Tell somebody something
Verb pattern → 2 objects: the person (somebody) + the content of the message (something)
ex.: They told me (that) they had done some research
REPORTED QUESTIONS
You need to remember to change the word order because it is not a question anymore, It is a REPORTED QUESTION!
‘How old are you?’ she asked. → She asked me how old I was
verb + subject subject + verb
‘Are you hungry?’ Mum asked us → Mum asked us if/whether we were hungry.
verb + subject subject + verb