Mastering Reported Speech and English Grammar Essentials
Classified in Spanish
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Reported Speech and English Grammar Essentials
Direct and Reported Speech
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| Present simple | Past simple |
| Present continuous | Past continuous |
| Present perfect simple | Past perfect simple |
| Past simple | Past perfect simple |
| Past perfect simple | Past perfect simple |
| am/is/are going to | was/were going to |
| will | would |
| can | could |
| must | had to |
Time and Place Changes in Reported Speech
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| now | then, at that time |
| today | that day |
| tonight | that night |
| this (morning/week/month/year) | that (morning/week/month/year) |
| yesterday | the day before |
| last (week/month/year) | the (week/month/year) before/(two days/a year) ago/(two days/a year) earlier |
| tomorrow | the next/following day |
| next (week/month/year) | the next/following (week/month/year) |
Question Words in Reported Speech
- What (objects)
- Who (people)
- Where (places)
- Whose
- When (time)
- Which (things)
Future Forms
- Will (promises, offers, warnings, instant decisions, predictions)
- Be going to (plans and definite predictions)
- Future Continuous: will + be + -ing (actions in progress in the future)
- Future Perfect: will have + past participle (actions completed by a certain time in the future)
Phrasal Verbs
- come up with: devise
- end up: finish
- go ahead: proceed
- keep track of: monitor
- take over: assume control
- work out: exercise
Health & Wellbeing
- be mindful: be conscious
- cut out: reduce
- enrol (in a class): register
- gain perspective
- get your heart rate up: increase your heart rate
- get in shape: become fit
- hydrated
- immunity
- keep fit
- positive focus
- rested
- set a goal
- stretch
- take a nap
- take care of (somebody/something)
- take up: start (a hobby)
- train
Linkers
- although: despite
- as well as
- because of this
- even though: despite
- for this reason
- furthermore: in addition
- in addition
- in addition to