Mastering Physical Valences and Training Principles

Physical Valences: Definition and Characteristics

Physical valences are a set of aspects that determine the physical condition and individual characteristics, encompassing both innate and acquired abilities.

Classification of Key Physical Valences

• Force

  Force is the body's ability to overcome stress or exert effort against resistance.

• Power

  The ability to execute an action or produce an effect, generally used in situations requiring a sense of strength and rapid execution.

• Speed

  Speed is the ability of the individual to travel a distance or make a movement in the shortest time possible. Speed is defined as an ability based on the action of the nervous system, muscles, and the velocity of movement.

• Flexibility

  Flexibility is the ability of the body to move the bone segments that are part of a joint. This refers to the range of motion capable of being produced by a joint.

• Coordination

  We define coordination as the ability to coordinate action, putting different elements to work together towards a specific result. This refers to the individual or object that plays the role of coordinator in a given situation.

• Anaerobic Endurance

  The power of the athlete to sustain, for the longest possible time interval, a lack of oxygen in the body, produced by a high work rate. The greater the muscular effort by the athlete, the greater the amount of oxygen required by the body, although the amount that the body can use is limited.

Specific Physical Attributes

Muscular Flexibility

Under this term, we understand the qualities of the motor and support apparatus that determine the degree of mobility, maximum amplitude, and ease of executing the required movements.

Muscular Strength

The ability to overcome an external resistance by muscular effort. It can be measured by the opposition or resistance applied to a particular part of the body through exercises that involve considerable effort.

Fundamental Principles of Physical Training

• Continuity

  Training must be regular and consistent to achieve the expected results.

• Progress

  This consists of gradually increasing the intensity of exercise, as well as the volume of training.

• Multilateralism

  It consists of developing the physical components necessary for good overall fitness.

• Alternation

  Refers to alternating training between sections of varying volume, intensity, and difficulty.

• Supercompensation

  Any physical activity results in an expenditure of energy, but after recovery, the body achieves not only the previous capacity but even greater capacity.

• Overload

  Work is dosed based on volume, intensity, and difficulty.