Mastering English Sentence Patterns

The Verb To Be

• Affirmative: Subject + am/is/are + complement.
• Negative: Subject + am/is/are + not + complement.
• Question: Question word + am/is/are + subject + complement + ?
• Short answers: Yes/No, Subject + am/is/are + (not).

Using Have Got

• Affirmative: Subject + have/has got + complement.
• Negative: Subject + have/has not + got + complement.
• Question: Question word + have/has + subject + got + complement + ?
• Short answers: Yes/No, Subject + have/has + (not).

Comparatives and Superlatives

Comparatives

• -y becomes -ier (e.g., happier)
• As big as / Not as big as
• -er / More ... than ...

Superlatives

• -est / The most ...
• Irregular: Good - better - the best
• Irregular: Bad - worse - the worst
• Irregular: Far - further - the furthest

Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives

Subject Pronouns

I, You, He, She, It, We, You, They

Object Pronouns

Me, You, Him, Her, It, Us, You, Them

Possessive Adjectives

My, Your, His, Her, Its, Our, Your, Their

Simple Present Tense

• Affirmative: Subject + Verb(-s) + complement.
• Negative: Subject + do/does + not + verb + complement.
• Question: Question word + do/does + subject + verb + complement + ?
• Short answers: Yes/No, Subject + do/does + (not).

Frequency Adverbs

• Structure 1: Subject + Frequency Adverb + To be / Can + complement.
• Structure 2: Subject + Frequency Adverb + Verb + complement.
• Common Adverbs: Often, Sometimes, Occasionally, Never, Usually, Hardly ever, Not often.

Present Continuous Tense

• Affirmative: Subject + am/is/are + verb(-ing) + complement.
• Negative: Subject + am/is/are + not + verb(-ing) + complement.
• Question: Question word + am/is/are + subject + verb(-ing) + complement + ?
• Short answers: Yes/No + subject + am/is/are + (not).

Past Tense of To Be

Conjugation: Was, Were, Was, Were, Were, Were

Negative: Wasn't, Weren't, Wasn't, Weren't, Weren't, Weren't

Questions: Was I? / Were you? / Was she, he, it? / Were you? / Were we? / Were they?

There Was and There Were

• There was / There is / There wasn't: Used with singular countable nouns and uncountable nouns.
• There were / There are / There weren't: Used with plural countable nouns.

Past Continuous Tense

• Affirmative: Subject + was/were + verb(-ing) + complement.
• Negative: Subject + was/were + not + verb(-ing) + complement.
• Question: Question word + was/were + subject + verb(-ing) + complement + ?
• Short answers: Yes/No + subject + was/were + (not).

Adverbs of Degree

Incredibly, A bit, Not very, Quite, Really, Very, Isn't very.

Relative Pronouns

• Who: Used for people.
• Which: Used for things.
• Where: Used for places.

Quantifiers

• Much / Too much: Used with uncountable nouns.
• Too many / Many: Used with countable nouns.
• Enough / Not enough: Used with both countable and uncountable nouns.
• A lot of: Used with both countable and uncountable nouns.