Mastering English Passive Voice and Conditionals
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Passive Voice Tense Transformations
| Tense | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | I write a letter. | The letter is written. |
| Present Continuous | I am writing a letter. | The letter is being written. |
| Past Simple | I wrote a letter. | The letter was written. |
| Past Continuous | I was writing a letter. | The letter was being written. |
| Present Perfect | I have written a letter. | The letter has been written. |
| Past Perfect | I had written a letter. | The letter had been written. |
| Future (Will) | I will write a letter. | The letter will be written. |
| Future (Going to) | I am going to write a letter. | The letter is going to be written. |
| Modals (Have to) | I have to write a letter. | The letter has to be written. |
| Modals (Should) | I should write a letter. | The letter should be written. |
| Modals (Must) | I must write a letter. | The letter must be written. |
English Conditional Structures
| Condition Type | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| First Conditional | If + Present Simple, Future Simple | If I feel better later, we will go shopping together. |
| If + Present Simple, Modal + Base Form | We might visit our relatives if we have got some time. | |
| If + Present Simple, Present Simple | If I am late, my parents worry. | |
| If + Present Simple, Imperative | Search on the internet if you want to learn more about the topic. | |
| Second Conditional | If + Past Simple, Would + Base Form | I would read more books if I had spare time. |
| If + Past Simple, Could/Might + Base Form | Jane could help us if she were here. | |
| Third Conditional | If + Past Perfect, Would Have + Past Participle | If Mark and Jim had visited us, we would have been happy. |
| If + Past Perfect, Could/Might Have + Past Participle | If you hadn't been so busy, we could have met. |
Using Wish and If Only
| Structure | Usage | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Wish / If only + Past Simple | Refers to a present situation that the speaker is unhappy about. | If only I had a computer. He wishes his friends were here now. |
| Wish / If only + Past Perfect | Expresses regret about a past action or situation. | If only I hadn't lost my mobile phone! I wish he had called me. |
| Wish + Could / Would + Base Form | Expresses a desire for something to happen in the future. | I wish I could go to university. I like Jack so much; if only he would call me! |