Mastering English Grammar: Conditionals, Reported Speech, and Passive Voice

Conditionals

First Conditional: Possible Situations

If + Present Simple, Subject + Will + Verb (infinitive)

Example: If I go tomorrow, I'll see Mary. -> Si voy mañana, veré a Mary.

Second Conditional: Imaginary Situations

If + Past Simple, Subject + Would + Verb (infinitive)

Example: If I won the lottery, I'd buy a car. -> Si ganara la lotería, me compraría un coche.

Third Conditional: Imaginary Situations in the Past

If + Past Perfect, Subject + Would + have (always have) + Verb (past participle)

Example: If I had studied more, I would have passed the exam. -> Si yo hubiera estudiado más, habría aprobado el examen.

Reported Speech

• Present Simple: We eat food --> She said they ate food.
• Past Simple: We ate food --> She said that they had eaten food.
• Future: We will eat food --> She said that they would eat food.
• Present Continuous: We are eating food --> She said that they were eating food.
• Past Continuous: We were eating food --> She said that they had been eating food.
• Present Perfect Simple: We have eaten food --> She said that they had eaten food.
• Present Perfect Continuous: We have been eating food --> She said that they had been eating food.
• Past Perfect Simple: We had eaten food --> She said that they had eaten food.
• Past Perfect Continuous: We had been eating food --> She said that they had been eating food.

Passive Voice

• Present Simple: This singer writes many songs. --> Many songs are written by this singer.
• Past Simple: This singer wrote many songs. --> Many songs were written by this singer.
• Future Simple: This singer will write many songs. --> Many songs will be written by this singer.
• Present Continuous: This singer is writing many songs. --> Many songs are being written by this singer.
• Past Continuous: This singer was writing many songs. --> Many songs were being written by this singer.
• Present Perfect Simple: This singer has written many songs. --> Many songs have been written by this singer.
• Past Perfect Simple: This singer had written many songs. --> Many songs had been written by this singer.
• Modals: This singer should write many songs. --> Many songs should be written by this singer.
• Modal Perfects: This singer must have written many songs. --> Many songs must have been written by this singer.
• Have to: This singer has to write many songs. --> Many songs have to be written by this singer.
• Be going to: This singer is going to write many songs. --> Many songs are going to be written by this singer.